(1)
〈苏格兰〉公职人员
指某特定官员，他们对于公众负有责任，终身任职或在失职后其职务〔ad vitam aut culpam〕终止。

(2)
(罗马法)公共义务
(→munus)

• raised instrument
• raise revenue
• raising amount of instrument
• raising an instrument
• raising a promise
• raising a use
• raising portions
• raison d'etre
• rake-off
• R.A.M.
• ramistic method
• Rampton
• rams
• ran
• rancho
• random audit
• random or spot check
• range
• range levy
• ranger
• rank
• ranking
• ranking and sale
• ranking of creditors
• ransom