(1)虚假标志；虚假证明
刑法上，关于一事实存在的虚假文件或标记，通常以欺诈为目的。

(2)(以欺骗或诈取钱财为目的的)欺诈手段

• excessive speed
• excessive verdict
• Excessivum in jure reprobatur.Excessus in re qualibet jure reprobatur communi.
• excess jurisdiction
• excess-liability damages
• excess limits
• excess of jurisdiction
• excess of privilege
• excess or surplus water
• excess policy
• excess profits tax
• exchange broker
• exchange certificate
• exchange control
• exchange equalisation funds
• exchange offer
• exchange of goods
• exchange of judges
• exchange of livings
• exchange of policy
• exchange rate
• exchange ratio
• exchanging work
• exchequer
• Exchequer and Audit Department