(1)(罗马法)私法(→private law)

(2)事后追溯法
在某一行为实施完毕之后制定、宣布该行为为犯罪并对已实施者予以惩罚的法律。

• vindicatio
• vindices injuriarum
• vindicta
• vindictive damages
• viol
• violate
• violation
• violation of privacy
• violation of woman
• violence
• violent
• violent crime
• violent death
• violently
• violent means
• violent presumption
• violent profits
• virga
• virgata
• virgata regia
• virgata terrae
• virgate
• virga terrae
• virge
• Virginia Declaration of Rights