(1)平民
区别于军人或政府官员；在英国则指区别于教职人员。

(2)民法专家；罗马法专家

• peremptory mandate
• peremptory nonsuit
• peremptory plea
• peremptory rule
• peremptory undertaking
• peremptory writ
• peremptory writ of mandamus
• per equipollens
• peresewar
• per eundem
• per expressum
• per extensum
• Per extraneam personam nihil nobis acquiri potest.
• per fas et nefas
• perfect
• perfect attestation clause
• perfecting bail
• perfecting lien
• perfecting transfer
• perfect instrument
• perfection of appeal
• perfection of entry
• perfection of reason
• perfection of security interest
• perfect obligation