(1)以实物
以货物或劳务，而不以货币。

(2)以同类方式；以相同方法

• professional capacity
• professional conduct
• professional corporation
• professional employee
• professional ethics
• professional expert
• professional gambler
• professional judgment
• professional liability insurance
• professional malpractice
• professional misconduct
• professional partnership
• professional privilege
• professional responsibility
• professional society
• proffer
• proffered evidence
• proficua
• profit
• profit and loss
• profit and loss account
• profit and loss statement
• profit apprendre
• profit a prendre
• profit a rendre