(1)破坏公私财产的行为
起初，财产范围限于具有文学或艺术价值的物品，后来扩大到泛指一切财产。但行为人主观上须是蓄意或轻率及其他对他人权利或财产不负责任的心理态度，该心理态度可依行为时的具体情况推定。

(2)汪达尔人的行为(或作风)

• estate by statute merchant
• estate by statute staple
• estate by sufferance
• estate by the curtesy
• estate by the entireties
• estate by (the) entirety
• estate clause
• estate contract
• estate duty
• estate for a term
• estate for life
• estate for years
• estate from period to period
• estate from year to year
• estate in bankruptcy
• estate in common
• estate in coparcenary
• estate in dead pledge
• estate in dower
• estate in expectancy
• estate in fee
• estate in fee conditional
• estate in fee simple
• estate in fee simple absolute in possession
• estate in fee-tail