(1)成批销售
合计后一次性销售，而不以单位价格计量。

(2)
僱用无责任的承包商
僱用一个所谓的「承包人」〔contractor〕为合同挂名的另一方，该承包人仅提供劳务并进行监督，而由工程所有权人自行购买建筑材料，并承担由此产生的合同责任。

• Clerk of the Crown Office
• Clerk of the Custodies of Lunatics and Idiots
• Clerk of the Declarations
• Clerk of the Deliveries
• Clerk of the Errors
• Clerk of the Escheats
• Clerk of the Essoins
• Clerk of the Hamper
• Clerk of the Hanaper
• Clerk of the House
• Clerk of the House of Commons
• Clerk of the Juries
• Clerk of the King's Great Wardrobe
• Clerk of the King's Silver
• Clerk of the Markets
• Clerk of the Nihils
• Clerk of the Ordnance
• Clerk of the Outlawries
• Clerk of the Paper Office
• Clerk of the Papers
• Clerk of the Parliaments
• Clerk of the Patents
• Clerk of the Peace
• Clerk of the Pells
• Clerk of the Petty Bag