(1)有少量土地的自耕农
中世纪时，自有少量土地的自由民，常既耕种其自有地，同时又耕种从大领主处保有的领地，并为后者支付租金及提供服务，从而可受到大领主的保护。

(2)军役土地保有人
指从皇帝或大领主处获得土地的军人〔military tenant〕。

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