(1)惩罚性诉讼
指请求支付惩罚性赔偿的各种民事诉讼。例如诽谤诉讼或依法律规定支付特别赔偿或双倍乃至三倍赔偿的诉讼，包括返还高利贷、违反反托拉斯法等案件。

(2)刑事诉讼(→damages)

(3)罚金诉讼
为取得法律规定对不法行为人可判处的罚金而提起的诉讼。如果制定法规定罚金归于任何提起诉讼的个人，这种诉讼又称作大众诉讼〔popular action〕；如果制定法规定罚金部分归国家，部分归提起诉讼的人，这种诉讼又称作分享的诉讼〔qui tam action〕。

• Majori summae minor inest.
• majority
• majority award
• majority decision
• majority interest
• majority leader
• majority of electors
• majority of members
• majority of qualified electors
• majority opinion
• majority rule
• majority stockholder
• majority verdict
• majority vote
• majority voting
• major medical insurance
• Major numerus in se continet minorem.
• Majus dignum trahit ad se minus dignum.
• Majus est delictum seipsum occidere quam alium.
• majus jus
• Majus jus nostrum quam jus alienum servemus.
• Majus Latium
• make
• make a contract
• make an assignment