(1)诉讼并存
就同一事实同时存在两个诉讼，特别是民事诉讼和刑事诉讼。

(2)(刑事诉讼中)公诉人与自诉人并存

(3)债权人间的纠纷

• certificate of accountant
• certificate of acknowledgment
• certificate of amendment
• certificate of architect or engineer
• certificate of arrival
• certificate of assize
• certificate of authentication
• certificate of authority
• certificate of birth
• certificate of citizenship
• certificate of competency
• certificate of completion
• certificate of conformity
• certificate of costs
• certificate of death
• certificate of deposit
• certificate of discharge
• certificate of election
• certificate of engineer
• certificate of entry
• certificate of good conduct
• certificate of graduation
• certificate of holder of attached property
• certificate of identity
• certificate of incorporation