(1)绝育(手术)
绝育手术可因为避孕、治疗、优生或刑罚等而实施。在美国一些州的制定法中规定可对某些特定的罪犯施行惩罚性的绝育手术。另有一些州允许对某些精神病患者施行此手术，以剥夺其生育权。

(2)消毒；灭菌

• professio juris
• profession
• professional
• professional association
• professional bailee
• professional capacity
• professional conduct
• professional corporation
• professional employee
• professional ethics
• professional expert
• professional gambler
• professional judgment
• professional liability insurance
• professional malpractice
• professional misconduct
• professional partnership
• professional privilege
• professional responsibility
• professional society
• proffer
• proffered evidence
• proficua
• profit
• profit and loss