naturalisation in the CONSTITUTIONAL LAW of the UK, the process by which a person becomes a BRITISH CITIZEN. It is granted at the discre- tion of the Secretary of State without regard to race, colour or reli- gion. It involves five years' residence, possession of a good character and a knowledge of English, Welsh or Scottish Gaelic, together with an intention to reside in the UK. A spouse of a citizen requires only three years' residence and there is no need to show proficiency in the language. A certificate is required and an oath of allegiance taken. natural justice in the CONSTITUTIONAL LAW of the UK, used to mean

264

necessity

no more than that a decision should be adjudicated by an impartial judge – 'one with no interest in the outcome' – nemo judex in suo causa: see Dimes v. Grand Canal (1852) 3 HLC 759. The other guiding principle is that a decision should not be taken without 'all parties being heard' – audi alteram parem: see Ridge v. Baldwin [1964] AC 40. See also JUDICIAL REVIEW.

• employee
• employee share scheme
• employers' association
• employers' liability
• employment
• Employment Appeal Tribunal
• employment tribunals
• EMS
• EMU
• en banc
• encumbrance
• endorsement
• engagement
• engross
• enjoyment
• enrichment
• entail
• enticement
• entitled spouse
• entrapment
• entry clearance
• en ventre sa mère
• environmental law
• environment policy
• equal pay