单词 | burden |
释义 | burden 1.n. 負擔,義務,(舉證)責任,載重,障礙,限制,負荷,制造費用,間接費用 2.v. 負擔 Q.~account 制造費用賬/~application method 制造費用分攤辦法/~center 間接費用中心/~charge 制造費用/~cost 一般費用,雜費/~-credit account 已分配負荷賬戶,間接費分配賬戶/~schedule 制造費用明細表/~share 間接制造成本,(間接)費用分攤份額/~sheet =~schedule P.~in process 在制費用/~of adducing evidence舉證責任/~of allegation(訴訟中當事人的)訴辯責任,(也稱為~of pleading)/~of argument抗辯責任/~of contract履行合同責任/~ of going forward with evidence舉證責任(指當事人出示充足證據協助事實認證的責任,也稱為~of production,~of producing evidence, production~, degree of proof)/~of persuading the trier 說服事實審人的責任/~ of persuasion說服責任(指當事人說服事實裁決人相信自己所舉事實的責任)/~of pleading(當事人的)訴辯責任(cf.~of allegation)/~ of producing evidence舉證責任(cf.~of going forward with evidence)/~ of production(當事人的)舉證責任(cf.~of going forward with evidence)/~ of proof 證明責任(指有必要對有爭執的事實加以肯定的證明的責任,也稱為 onus probandi,其包括~of production 和~of persuasion),(當事人)說服法院相信自己所舉事實的責任(等同~of persuasion)/~of proving that he was guilty證明他有罪的責任/~of rebuttal 提出相反證據的責任O.~ed with debts 債務累累/a~on interstate commerce州際貿易的障礙/the easement created a~on the estate地役權對該不動產產生了一種限制/the seller's~to insure the shipped goods賣方有責任為裝運的貨物擔保Com.:burden of proof, burden of production, burden of persuasion均和當事人對證據的責任相關,以往不少人基本都把它們籠統地譯為“舉證責任”,其實在英美法中,它們是有一定差異的。其中, burden of proof為“證明責任”(其也稱為 onus probandi),其包含有burden of production和burden of persuasion兩術語的含義,即既“舉證”,又“說服”,此便是當事人必須承擔的用證據證明指控或斷言的真實性的責任;廣義上講,其也等同 burden of persuasion。而burden of production則為“舉證責任”,指當事人必須就訴爭問題提供充足證據以供事實裁定人作出正確裁決,其也稱為 burden of going forward with evidence、burden of producing evidence、production burden和degree of proof。而burden of persuasion則為“說服責任”,指當事人應說服事實裁定人相信自己所舉事實的責任,其也稱為 persuasion burden、risk of non-persuasion、risk of jury doubt,廣義上講,其也等於 burden of proof |
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