land not only the physical surface of land but everything growing on

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land charge

or underneath that surface, anything permanently affixed to the sur- face (such as a building) and the airspace above that surface. It includes not only the soil or earth but always any water, a pond, for example, being regarded as land covered by water. Land may be divisible both horizontally and vertically; thus, ownership of the sur- face may be vested in one person while ownership of mines and minerals are vested in another. It is perfectly possible to have 'flying freeholds', where ownership of different storeys of the same build- ing are vested in different persons (Scotland has a developed law of the tenement). In Australia and New Zealand the concept of strata titles has been developed to cope with the practical ramifications of this (e.g. enforcement of positive obligations in respect of freehold titles). The normal remedy of a judgment creditor against land or an interest in land of the debtor is either by application for a CHARGING ORDER on the land or for a RECEIVER by way of equitable execution, or both.

• call in
• CALR
• cancellation
• Candlemas
• canon law
• canvassing
• CAP
• capacity
• capital allowance
• capital clause
• capital gains tax
• capital issues
• capital punishment
• capital transfer tax
• caption
• care order
• cargo
• carnal knowledge
• carriage by air
• carriage by rail
• carriage by road
• carriage by sea
• carrier
• carrier's lien
• cartel