| 释义 |
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC) An International treaty under which 197 countries have committed themselves to cooperate on measures aiming to reduce the threat of global warming. The text was adopted in 1992 and came into force in March 2004. At a subsequent conference held in Kyoto, Japan, in 1993 a protocol to the convention was adopted under which 38 industrialized countries agreed to reduce their emissions of the six main greenhouse gasses by an average of 5.2% from 1990 levels by 2012. The Kyoto Protocol, which finally came into force in 2005 after its ratification by Russia, constitutes the first legally binding treaty on climate change. However, the United States refused to sign the Protocol, and Canada subsequently withdrew. In 2012 the so-called Doha Amendment extended the Protocol until 2020. Under the UNFCCC’s Paris Agreement of 2015, 191 countries committed themselves to making “nationally determined contributions” to the reduction of greenhouse emissions; unlike Kyoto, however, the Agreement included no specific, legally binding targets. |