法律英语词汇“totting up”的翻译、意思、用法、释义-法律词典

totting up
The system under which offences endorsed on a driving licence are added up to empower the courts to order disqualification from driving. All traffic offences that are subject to compulsory or discretionary disqualification are assigned a number of penalty points (reflecting the gravity of the offence). When a person is convicted of any of these offences, and his licence is endorsed but he is not disqualified, the endorsement states the number of points for that offence. If he is disqualified for the offence, the penalty points that would normally apply to that offence are not endorsed. When the penalty points endorsed within the past three years—together with the points acquired on the latest offence—amount to 12 or more, the court must order disqualification for a minimum of six months, but the points applying to the latest offence are not endorsed. If the accused has already been disqualified within the three years before the latest endorsable conviction, the minimum disqualification is for one year; if he has been disqualified more than once, the minimum is two years. Mitigating circumstances are still permitted (to prevent disqualification or shorten the period), but only upon proof of exceptional hardship. When several offences are committed together, the licence is only endorsed with the points relating to the gravest offence. If a person is disqualified under this system, all previous points are eliminated, and he gets back a clean licence after disqualification. If a driver is convicted of an endorsable offence and accumulates 6 or more penalty points within two years of passing a driving test, his licence is revoked and he must retake the test. Under the Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988 (sch 2, as amended) penalty points for the most important offences are set out as follows:

• 3–11 points—any offence involving obligatory disqualification for which disqualification was not ordered because of special reasons or mitigating circumstances;

• 10 points—being in charge when unfit or with excess alcohol in the body (see drunken driving); failing to provide a specimen of breath;

• 5–10 points—failing to stop after a road traffic accident; failing to report an accident;

• 3–9 points—careless and inconsiderate driving;

• 6–8 points—driving without insurance;

• 7 points—driving while disqualified;

• 3–6 points—driving without a licence; driving under age

• 4 points—failing to provide a specimen for a preliminary (roadside) breath test;

• 3 points—speeding (if a fixed penalty, otherwise 3–6 points); leaving a car in a dangerous position (see obstruction).

All endorsements on the licence before 1 November 1982 count as 3 points. Under the Road Safety Act 2006 the penalty points imposed for any offence may be varied where the particular circumstances make this appropriate.