法律英语词汇“classical school of criminology”的翻译、意思、用法、释义-法律词典

单词

classical school of criminology

释义

classical school of criminology
One of the two major schools of criminology. Originating in the 18th century and rooted in philosophical utilitarianism, it sees humans as rational self-seeking beings whose acts are freely chosen. Faced with alternative courses of action, they will weigh up the risks and benefits of each and act so as to maximize their pleasure and minimize their pain. This explains both the existence of crime and the need for a rational penal policy in which the threat of punishment is used to deter criminal behaviour. To be an effective deterrent, punishment must be swift, certain, and proportionate to the offence.

From the late 19th century the classical school was challenged by the positivist school of criminology, which downplays the role of free will and emphasizes the various social and psychological forces that may drive an individual to crime. More recently, aspects of the classical approach have been revived in so-called rational choice theory, which highlights the opportunistic element in many crimes and stresses the role of surveillance and environmental design (e.g. better street lighting) in crime prevention.

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