| 单词 | Master |
| 释义 | 僱主；主人；碩士；校長；聆案官 A person in a position of authority or control. Education - 1.A person upon whom the degree of Master has been conferred by a university. A master’s degree is a postgraduate degree, entry to which requires the completion of a bachelor’s degree or a bachelor’s degree and a postgraduate diploma. The requirements for master’s degrees are detailed in the university’s regulations. 2. The head of an incorporated residential college of a university. See also Degree; Principal. Employment - A term formerly used to describe a person who employs another person, the ‘servant’. The relationship of master and servant was originally an aspect of the law of persons; that is, it belonged to the same area of law that governed relations between husbands and wives, and parents and children. The term ‘employer’ is now used instead. See also Contract of employment; Employer; Servant. Maritime law - When used with reference to a vessel, it means the person (except a pilot) having for the time being command or charge of the vessel: Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance (Cap 1) s 3. The meaning may be extended or restricted for the purposes of individual ordinance. For example, in the Whaling Industry (Regulation) Ordinance (Cap 496) s 2, master includes the person for the time being in charge of the operations on board the ship used for treating whales. In Merchant Shipping (Safety) (Means of Access) Regulations (Cap 369AH) s 2, master excludes a watchman, who is in charge of a ship during the absence of the master. A master is an employee and an agent of the shipowner. He has the responsibilities (a) to comply with the shipowner’s lawful instructions, (b) navigate and manage the vessel, (c) prosecute the voyage, (d) carry out the contract of carriage, (e) ensure the seaworthiness of the ship and safety of the passengers and crew, and (f) take reasonable care of the cargoes entrusted to him. In case of necessity, the master, apart from being an agent of the shipowner, may also become an agent of the cargo owners to take necessary steps to protect their interests, such as deviation of voyage route, or jettison of cargo. The advancement of telecommunication technology reduced the master’s role and authority significantly as an agent of necessity. See also Cargo; Dangerous goods; Hypothecation; Maritime lien; Navigation; Owner; Seaworthiness; Service agreement; Ship. Practice and procedure - A judicial officer of a superior court who sits in chambers or in court, and while in court wears the robes of a judge sitting in the civil jurisdiction. The office of master originated in Norman England, evolving from the royal clerks who attended and assisted at the Curia Regis. The oldest office is master in chancery. A master generally has power to transact all such business and exercise all such authority and jurisdiction as under any Ordinance or by rules of the court may be transacted and exercised by a judge in chambers: Rules of the High Court (Cap 4A) O 32 r 11(1). A master may also dispose of many of the interlocutory applications and other preliminary matters arising in superior court civil litigation. Masters are appointed for this work to allow judges more time to hear and determine substantive trial matters. ‘Master’ can mean master of the High Court and includes Registrar, Deputy Registrars and Assistant Registrars: O 1 r 4. 指具有權力或控制權地位的人。 教育 - 1. 由某大學授予碩士學位的人。碩士學位屬大學以上程度的學位，入學要求需要該人完成某學士學位或學士學位與深造文憑。關於碩士學位的詳細入學要求在大學規則中列明。 2. 具法團地價的某大學駐校學院的首長。另見 Degree; Principal。 僱傭 - 正式用於形容僱用另一人（即「僕人」）的人。主人與僕人的關係原來是個人法的局面；即是它與管限丈夫與妻子、父母與子女之間關係的法律範疇相同。「僱主」此用語現已被廣泛使用。另見 Contract of employment; Employer; Servant。 海事法 - 當就有關船隻而使用，即指當時指揮或掌管船隻的人，但領港員除外：《釋義及通則條例》（第1章）第3條。此詞的涵義可因應不同條例的目的而放寬或有所限制。例如：在《捕鯨業（規管）條例》 （第496章） 第2條當中，船長指在當其時掌管該船舶的人，包括在當其時在船上掌管有關處理鯨事務的人。在商船（安全）（上落設施）規例（第369AH章）第2條，包括當船長不在時掌管船舶的人，但不包括看守員。船長是船主的僱員與代理人。他負責(a) 遵從船主的合法指示，(b) 航行及管理該船舶，(c) 執行該段航程，(d) 履行運輸合約，(e) 確保船隻的適航及乘客與船員的安全，(f) 對交託予他的貨物負上合理的謹慎責任。在必需的情況下，該船長，除了作為船主的代理人，亦可成為貨物擁有人的代理人，作出必需的步驟以保障他們的權益，如航行路線的差異，或貨物的投棄等。通訊科技的發達減輕船長的角色，並減低作為必要代理人的重大權力。另見 Cargo; Dangerous goods; Hypothecation; Maritime lien; Navigation; Owner; Seaworthiness; Service agreement; Ship。 執業與法律程序 - 任何在內庭或在法庭內開庭的高級法院司法人員，當在法庭時該司法人員須穿上在民事司法管轄權中開庭的法官服。聆案官的職位源於諾曼英倫，由出席御前會議及作出協助的皇室高級人員演變過來。最早出現的職位是大法官法庭的聆案官。任何聆案官具有權力處理所有根據任何條例或藉本規則可由法官在內庭處理的事務，並行使所有根據任何條例或藉本規則可由法官在內庭行使的權限及司法管轄權：高等法院規則（第4A章）第32號命令第11條規則。聆案官可處理很多非正審申請，及其他源自於高等法院民事訴訟中的初步事項。聆案官獲委任擔負此等工作，使法官有更多時間進行聆訊，及決定實質的審訊事項。聆案官指高等法院的聆案官，並包括司法常務官，以及副司法常務官及助理司法常務官：第1號命令第4條規則。n. |
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