| 单词 | positivist school of criminology |
| 释义 | positivist school of criminology The earliest form of positivism, which arose in the late 19th century, involved an attempt to correlate criminal behaviour with certain physiological traits. This led to the identification of a genetic “criminal type”—an idea that is now wholly discredited. Later, psychological positivists used detailed studies to link personality traits with particular crimes and to identify those formative experiences (e.g. parental neglect) that might produce a general predisposition to law-breaking. Alternatively, sociological positivists have sought the causes of crime in factors external to the offender, such as poverty, alienation, high population density, and exposure to deviant subcultures (e.g. gangs or drug-takers). One particularly influential approach was that taken by the Chicago School of the mid 20th century, which used ecological methods to study the breakdown of social order in inner-city neighbourhoods. Other social positivist approaches include Marxist criminology, which sees crime as an inevitable product of class conflict and the capitalist system, and critical criminology, which focuses on the role of power elites in defining what and who is regarded as criminal (see Marxist legal theory). More recently, there has been a general retreat from social theory and a more pragmatic emphasis on crime prevention. See also sociology of law. |
| 随便看 |
|
法律词典收录了4854条英汉双解法律词条，基本涵盖了常用法律英语单词及短语词组的翻译及用法，是法律学习的有利工具。