National Insurance
A scheme of state-administered social security benefits (including retirement pensions). These were inaugurated by the National Insurance Act 1946 and are now given effect by the Social Security Acts 1975–98. A separate industrial injuries insurance scheme was established by the National Insurance (Industrial Injuries) Act 1946, but the Social Security Acts now govern the payment of industrial injuries disablement benefit. Entitlement to benefits is determined by decision makers; appeals from their decisions may be made to the First-tier Tribunal (Social Entitlement Chamber). The scheme is partly funded by National Insurance Contributions, which are payable by those with earned income (employed or self-employed) and by employers.
https://www.gov.uk/national-insurance
• Guide to National Insurance Contributions from the GOV.UK website
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