A denial of a material allegation of fact made in a pleading by the opposite party. A traverse may be made either by a denial or by a statement of non-admission and either expressly or by necessary implication: The Rules of the High Court (Cap 4A) O 18 r 13(2). Every allegation of fact made in a statement of claim or counterclaim which the party on whom it is served does not intend to admit must be specifically traversed by him in his defence or defence to counterclaim, as the case may be; and a general denial of such allegations, or a general statement of non-admission of them, is not a sufficient traverse of them: O 18 r 13(3). The denial of a negative allegation does not necessarily involve the making of an affirmative proposition: Tin Shui Wai Development Ltd v AG [1991] 1 HKC 509 (HC). It depended on whether it is a mere traverse, or a traverse which, though negative in form, is in fact pregnant with an affirmative: Tin Shui Wai Development Ltd v AG, supra. The denial of a negative allegation may operate as a bare traverse and no more, whereby the defendant simply puts the plaintiff to proof of the negative alleged. In such a case, particulars will not be ordered, but once the plaintiff established a prima facie case, the defendant will be precluded from setting up an affirmative case in answer. Alternatively, if it is clear to the court that the defendant intended to set up an affirmative case, particulars of such an affirmative case would be ordered: Tin Shui Wai Development Ltd v AG, supra. See also Averment; Defence; Statement of claim.
否認由對立的一方在狀書提出的重要事實指稱。拒認可藉否認或不承認的陳述作出，並可以明示或以必然屬默示的方式作出：《高等法院規則》 （第4A章）第18號命令第13(2)條規則。獲送達一份申索陳述書或反申索陳述書的一方，如不擬對該份陳述書中作出的事實指稱加以承認，則必須在其抗辯書或反申索的抗辯書（視屬何情況而定）中，對每一項該等指稱加以特別拒認；而對該等指稱的概括否認，或一項不承認該等指稱的概括陳述，並非為對該等指稱的充分拒認：第18號命令第13(3)條規則。否認不利的指稱不必涉及作出確定的陳述：Tin Shui Wai Development Ltd v AG [1991] 1 HKC 509（高等法院）。取決於是否屬於純粹的拒認或儘管形式上屬於否定但事實上充滿確定的拒認：Tin Shui Wai Development Ltd v AG, 見上文。否認不利的指稱僅可具有單純拒認的效力，即被告人只會讓原告人證明不利的指稱。在這情況下，不會就詳情作出命令，但一旦原告人可確立表面證據，被告人在回應時會被阻止確立確定的案件。如有關旳法院可確定被告人意圖確立確定的案件，則可選擇作出該等確定的案件的詳情的命令：Tin Shui Wai Development Ltd v AG, 見上文。另見 Averment; Defence; Statement of claim。n.

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