| 单词 | Laches |
| 释义 | 疏忽延誤 Unreasonable delay or negligence in issuing proceedings. A court may, in its discretion, refuse to grant equitable relief if it believes that the plaintiff was unduly dilatory in instituting legal proceedings: Re Flynn (dec’d) Flynn v Flynn & Ors [1982] 1 All ER 882, 1 WLR 310. The defence of laches reflects the equitable maxims that equity aids the vigilant and not the indolent, and that delay defeats equities: Marquis of Cholmondeley v Lord Clinton (1820) 2 Jac & W 1. Laches is established when two conditions are fulfilled. First, there must be unreasonable delay in the commencement or prosecution of proceedings; second, in all the circumstances the consequences of delay must render the grant of relief unreasonable or unjust: The Estate of Yang Sen-Hui (dec’d) & Ors v Pao Yuen Tung Hsing Yieh Co Ltd [1983] HKLR 124 (CA); Tsao Chin Lan v Tin Ka Kung & Ors [1995] 2 HKC 671 (CA). Where the defence of laches is relied upon, the two circumstances of particular importance are the length of the delay and the nature of the acts done during the interval (such as acts which show acquiescence in the infringement of the right which the plaintiff now wishes to assert by litigation). Mere delay is insufficient to establish the defence. The delay must either amount to agreement to the defendant’s control or cause the defendant to alter his position placing unreasonable reliance on the plaintiff’s acceptance of the situation or otherwise permit a situation to arise which it would be unjust to disturb: Lindsay Petroleum Co v Hurd (1874) LR 5 PC 221. See also Equitable defence; Laches and acquiescence; Limitation of actions. 就提起法律程序，不合理地延誤或有疏忽。如法庭相信原告人在提起法律程序上被不合理地拖延，它可行使酌情決定權而拒絕給予原告人衡平法濟助：Re Flynn (dec’d) Flynn v Flynn & Ors [1982] 1 All ER 882, 1 WLR 310。疏忽延誤的抗辯理由，映衡平法格言，即衡平法幫助時刻警覺的人，而非怠惰之人，延誤並會使行平法失敗：Marquis of Cholmondeley v Lord Clinton (1820) 2 Jac & W 1。在兩種條件得到滿足後，疏忽延誤可得到確立。一，必須在提起法律程序或進行起訴上有不合理的延誤；二，在所有情況下， 延誤的後果必須導致批予濟助不合理或不公平：The Estate of Yang Sen-Hui (dec’d) & Ors v Pao Yuen Tung Hsing Yieh Co Ltd [1983] HKLR 124（上訴法院）；Tsao Chin Lan v Tin Ka Kung & Ors [1995] 2 HKC 671（上訴法院）。凡有依賴疏忽延誤的抗辯理由者，有兩種特別重要的情況，即延誤的時間及在其間所作行為的性質（如顯示默許侵權的行為，而該權利正是原告人現在通過訴訟要求主張的）。僅僅延誤不足夠證明該抗辯理由。延誤必須構成同意被告人的控制，或令被告人改變其位置，並不合理地依賴原告人對情況的接受，或允許某情況發生，而對該情況作出干擾會是不公平的：Lindsay Petroleum Co v Hurd (1874) LR 5 PC 221。另見 Equitable defence; Laches and acquiescence; Limitation of actions。n. |
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