| 单词 | Ownership |
| 释义 | 所有權 The right recognised by the law, in respect of a particular piece of property (real or personal), to exercise with respect to that property all such rights as by law are capable of being exercised with respect to that type of property against all persons, including the right to possession of the property and any proceeds of its sale. Intellectual property - In relation to copyright, the first owner of any copyright in a work is the author, subject to (a) if a copyright work is made by an employee in the course of his employment, his employer is the first owner, subject to any agreement to the contrary; (b) if a copyright work is made on the commission of a person, and there is an agreement to whom the copyright belongs, copyright belongs to the person who is entitled under the agreement. However, these do not apply to Government copyright, copyright in Ordinances, Legislative Council copyright and copyright vesting in international organizations: Copyright Ordinance (Cap 528) ss 13-16, 182-184, 188. In relation to registered design, the designer of a design, subject to (a) if the design is commissioned by someone for money or money’s worth, the person who commissioned it is the original owner, unless the agreement provides otherwise; (b) if the design is created by an employee in the course of his employment, the employer is the original owner, unless the contract of employment provides otherwise; (c) if a design, or the right to apply a design to any article, becomes vested, whether by assignment, transmission or operation of law, in any person other than the original owner, either alone or jointly with the original owner, that other person or, as the case may be, the original owner and that other person, will be treated as the owner of the design or as the owner of the design in relation to that article: Registered Design Ordinance (Cap 522) s 3. In relation to any variety, a person who bred or discovered and developed that variety; an agent of that person; a successor to that person: Plant Varieties Protection Ordinance (Cap 490) s 2. Real property - Owners of property are those entitled, first, to the beneficial use of the object of ownership at their discretion, secondly, to exclude others from using it or interfering with it, and thirdly, to alienate it to others. These powers are subject to law and the rights of third parties such as neighbours, just as the owner has the right to exclude interference by neighbours. At common law, particularly with respect to real property, ownership is not a legal term of art. In the correct parlance of real property law an owner of land is the tenant or proprietor of a legal or equitable estate or interest in it. The use of land in Hong Kong is by way of leasehold tenure (except the ground on which St John’s Cathedral stands which was granted in fee simple and so held under a freehold tenure). The concept of tenure continues to apply after 1 July 1997. The land within the Hong Kong SAR became State property: Basic Law art 7. The Government of the Hong Kong SAR is responsible for their management, use and development and for their lease or grant to individuals, legal persons or organisations for use or development. Also known as ‘title’. See also Equitable interest; Fee simple; Legal title; Nuisance; Owner; Personal property; Possession; Property; Real Property; Tenancy; Waste. 法律認可的、有關特定（不動產或個人）財產的權利，根據法律，可針對任何人行使有關該類財產的所有該等權利，其中包括對財產管有及其任何銷售收益的權利。 知識產權 - 就版權而言，作品的作者是該作品的任何版權的第一擁有人，但下列情況例外 (a) 凡版權作品是由僱員在受僱工作期間製作的，則除任何協議有相反的規定外；該僱員的僱主是該作品的版權的第一擁有人；(b) 凡作品是某人委託製作的，而作者與委託人之間訂有就版權的享有權作出明確的規定的協議，則委託作品的版權屬於根據該協議享有版權的人。但並不適用於政府版權、條例的版權、立法會版權、以及歸屬國際組織的版權：《版權條例》(第528章) 第13至16、182至184及188條。 就外觀設計而言，任何外觀設計的設計人須視作為該項外觀設計的原擁有人，但下列情況則屬例外 (a) 凡任何外觀設計是依據一項為金錢或金錢的等值而接受的委託創作的，則除雙方另有任何相反協議外，委託創作該項外觀設計的人，須視作為該項外觀設計的原擁有人； (b) 凡任何外觀設計是由僱員在其受僱工作期間創作的，則除雙方另有任何相反協議外，其僱主須視作為該項外觀設計的原擁有人；(c) 凡某項外觀設計或應用某項外觀設計於任何物品的權利藉轉讓、轉傳或法律的實施而歸屬原擁有人以外的任何其他人(不論是由該其他人單獨或與原擁有人聯合享有)，則就本條例而言，該其他人，或原擁有人及該其他人(視屬何情況而定)須視作為該項外觀設計的擁有人或該物品所關乎的外觀設計的擁有人：《註冊外觀設計條例》(第 522章) 第3條。就任何品種而言，指培育或發現並發展該品種的人；該人的代理人；該人的繼承人：《植物品種保護條例》(第490章) 第2條。 土地財產 - 財產擁有人指1)在其酌情決定權下有權實益使用擁有權項目的人，2)有權排除他人使用或從中干擾的人，及3)有權讓與他人的人。此等權力受限於法律及第三方（例如鄰人）的權利，猶如擁有人具有排除受鄰人干擾的權利。普通法中，特別就土地財產而言，擁有權並非法律術語。就土地財產法的正確用語以言，土地擁有人是法律上或衡平法上的產業或權益的租戶或所有人。香港的土地用途是以租借地的方式授予 (但聖約翰大教堂坐落的土地除外，此幅土地是以永久產權的方式授予，因而是以永久業權的方式持有)。1997年7月1後租住權的運作繼續生效。香港特別行政區內的土地屬於國家所有：《基本法》第7條。香港特別行政區政府負責土地的管理、使用及發展、以及向個別人士、法人或組織就用途或發展方面作出的租契或授予。另稱「業權」。另見 Equitable interest; Fee simple; Legal title; Nuisance; Owner; Personal property; Possession; Property; Real Property; Tenancy; Waste。n. |
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