| 释义 |
交付 1. The transfer of actual or constructive possession from one person to another. 2. Physical or constructive expulsion.
Bailment - In relation to chattels, the transfer of the exclusive right of possession: Midland Silicones v Scruttons Ltd [1959] 2 QB 171, 2 All ER 289. A bailment is a delivery of personal chattels on trust, usually on contract, express or implied, that the trust shall be duly executed, and the chattels redelivered as soon as the time for or condition on which they were bailed shall have elapsed or performed: Re S Davis & Co Ltd [1945] Ch 402 (CA). See also Constructive delivery; Delivery in fact; Ownership; Possession; Sale of goods.
Bills of exchange and other negotiable instruments - The transfer of possession, actual or constructive, from one person to another: Bills of Exchange Ordinance (Cap 19) s 2. Every contract on a bill, is incomplete and revocable, until delivery of the instrument in order to give effect thereto: s 21(1). Delivery is an essential component of issue, which is the first delivery of an instrument complete in form to a holder, and of negotiation, because a bearer bill or note can be transferred only by delivery, and an order bill or note needs both delivery and indorsement: s 31. Delivery is required before any contract on a bill or note is complete and irrevocable, whether the liability is the drawer’s, maker’s, acceptor’s or indorser’s: Chiu Kung Ching v Sun Yip Hong [1994] 3 HKC 576 (HC). A promissory note is inchoate and incomplete until delivery thereof to the payee or bear: s 90. The delivery of a bill is effective even though made by a thief who has fraudulently persuaded a bank to draw the bill: Citibank NA v Brown Shipley & Co Ltd [1991] 2 All ER 690, 1 Lloyd’s Rep 576. See also Actual possession; Bearer bill; Cheque; Constructive possession; Indorsement; Negotiation; Order bill; Signification.
Coroners - The act of giving birth to a child; the expulsion or extraction of a newborn child from its mother.
Equity - At common law, execution of deed requires signature, sealing and delivery. Delivery dos not denote physically passing over of documents rather it involves acts or words demonstrating the parties’ intention that the deed will operate and be binding: Vincent v Premo Enterprise (Voucher Sales) Ltd [1969] 2 WL R1256, 2 QB 609. A deed will only become effective when it is delivered. Generally, it is presumed that the date of delivery is the one on the deed, however such presumption is rebuttable: Xiamen International Ltd v Tsui Tai Yan [1987] 2 HKC 422, HKLR 977 (HC). A deed sometimes is delivered upon conditions and it is usually called delivery in escrow. If a deed has been delivered in escrow, it is irrevocable and will be operative upon the conditions being fulfilled. See also Deed; Escrow; Execution; Intention; Sealing; Writing.
Personal property - The voluntary transfer of actual or constructive possession from one person to another. Physical or constructive (need not involve any physical movement) expulsion. The concept of delivery is used in personal property law to determine if property has been given as a gift from one person to another in which there can be no effective gift of property without some form of delivery. Symbolic delivery is sufficient where the chattel is difficult to physical deliver, and the donee makes sufficient indication of intention regarding the chattel: Kilpin v Ratley [1892] 1 QB 582. Constructive delivery is sufficient where the chattel is not in the possession of the donor but the donee is delivered with the means to obtain the gift. It is sufficient if the donee is given keys to a locked place where the gift is kept with the intention of transferring possession: Fat Kee Firm v Po On Marine Insurance Co Ltd (1906-7) 2 HKLR 64. However, the delivery of a key does not have this effect unless it actually gives full control of the goods in question: Wrightson v McArthur and Hutchisons (1919) Ltd [1921] 2 KB 807. The mere transfer of a document representing goods does not ordinarily change the possession of the goods save that possession of goods at sea can be transferred by indorsement and delivery of the bill of lading: Madras Official Assignee v Mercantile Bank of India Ltd [1935] AC 53 (PC); Sewell v Burdick (1884) 10 AC 74 (HL). See also Chattel; Constructive delivery; Donee; Donor; Indicia of title; Land registration; Possession; Sale of goods.
1. 某人將實則管有或法律構定的管有轉予另一人。 2. 實質的或法律構定的排除。
委託保管 - 就實產而言，指轉移獨有管有權：Midland Silicones v Scruttons Ltd [1959] 2 QB 171, 2 All ER 289。委託保管指通常籍明示或默示合約將以信託方式持有的非土地實產交付予受託人，即須妥為簽立有關的信託，並且一俟有關委託保管的時間屆滿或條件已獲履行，便再交付有關的實產：Re S Davis & Co Ltd [1945] Ch 402 （上訴法院）。另見 Constructive delivery; Delivery in fact; Ownership; Possession; Sale of goods。
匯票及其它流通票據 - 指將管有權由一人移轉至另一人，不論是確實的或是法律構定的移轉 ：《匯票條例》（第19章）第2條。匯票訂立的每宗合約均屬未完成及可予撤銷的合約，直至該票據予以交付而生效為止：第21(1)條。交付是發行的重要組成部分，而發行是指將格式完備的票據首次交付與持票人，因為僅可透過交付轉讓不記名匯票或本票，而記名匯票或本票則需籍交付及背書作出轉讓：第 31條。須在任何票據上的合約完成及不可撤銷之前交付，無論這是發票人、簽署人、承兌人或是背書人的法律責任：Chiu Kung Ching v Sun Yip Hong [1994] 3 HKC 576 （高等法院）。承付票在未交付予受款人或持票人之前，屬不完整及未完成的票據：第 90條。即使銀行是在竊賊欺詐的情況下發票，但有關的匯票交付仍然有效。Citibank NA v Brown Shipley & Co Ltd [1991] 2 All ER 690，1 Lloyd’s Rep 576。另見 Actual possession; Bearer bill; Cheque; Constructive possession; Indorsement; Negotiation; Order bill; Signification。
死因裁判官 - 指產下子女的行為；從母親體內分娩出或取出新生兒。
衡平法 - 在普通法上，契據的簽立須由簽署、蓋章及交付構成。交付並不表示實質移交有關文件，而是涉及顯示各方意圖會執行有關契據及其具約束力的行為或字句：Vincent v Premo Enterprise (Voucher Sales) Ltd [1969] 2 WL R1256, 2 QB 609。契據僅在被「交付」的情況下才屬有效。概括而言，交付日期被推定為契據上列明的交付日期，但此推定是可被推翻的：Xiamen International Ltd v Tsui Tai Yan [1987] 2 HKC 422，HKLR 977 （高等院）。若干契據的交付是附有條件的，通常稱為「條件尚待完成的交付」。凡契據是在條件尚待完成的情況下交付的，則該契據不可被撤回，並一俟有關條件已獲履行時即會發揮效力。另見 Deed; Escrow; Execution; Intention; Sealing; Writing。
個人財產 - 某人將實質則的或法律構定的管有自願地轉讓予另一人。指實質或法律構定（無需涉及任何實質的調動）的排除。在動產法中，交付的概念用以決定某項財產是否已由某人給予另一人作為饋贈，而其中如沒有若干形式的交付，是不可有有效的財產饋贈的，。凡是難以實則交付有關的實產的，而受贈人就有關旳實產已顯示充分的意向，則象徵性的交付已足夠：Kilpin v Ratley [1892] 1 QB 582。凡有關實產並非由贈與人管有，但受贈人是在有方法可取得該饋贈的情況下獲交付的，則法律構定的交付已足夠。凡有關的饋贈是在有意圖轉讓管有的情況下備存在某處已上鎖的地方，則如將該處的鑰匙給予受贈人，已然足夠：Fat Kee Firm v Po On Marine Insurance Co Ltd (1906-7) 2 HKLR 64。但除非受贈人已獲授予有關貨品的完全控制權，否則純粹交付鑰匙並不足以交付該饋贈：Wrightson v McArthur and Hutchisons (1919) Ltd [1921] 2 KB 807。純粹轉讓引述貨品的文件一般不會改變該貨品的管有；但就海上貨品的管有而言，則可透過背書及交付提單作出轉讓：Madras Official Assignee v Mercantile Bank of India Ltd [1935] AC 53 （樞密院）；Sewell v Burdick (1884) 10 AC 74 （高等法院）。另見 Chattel; Constructive delivery; Donee; Donor; Indicia of title; Land registration; Possession; Sale of goods。n. |