| 单词 | Relator action |
| 释义 | 促訟人訴訟 An action commenced by the Attorney-General (or in Hong Kong, the Secretary of Justice), at the request of the member of the public who does not have standing to sue, to give effect to the public interest in having laws enforced. A relator action is brought to restrain interference with a public right, whether committed or threatened, or to compel the performance of a public duty or to abate a public nuisance, and in such an action the Secretary for Justice is a necessary party: Ashby v Ebdon [1985] Ch 394, [1984] 3 All ER 869. The action is brought in the name of the Secretary for Justice at the relation of the person or body seeking to prevent the commission or continuation of the public wrong. Since the Secretary for Justice is recognised by public law as the person entitled to represent the public in a court of justice and only she can maintain a suit ex officio or ex relatione for a declaration as to public rights, she necessarily is a party in a relator action: Gouriet v Union of Post Office Workers [1978] AC 435, [1977] 3 All ER 70 (HL). The decision by the Secretary for Justice on what cases it is proper for her to sue on behalf of relators is absolute and thus not subject to review by the court: Gouriet v Union of Post Office Workers, supra. See also Fiat; Relator; Standing. 在沒有起訴權的公眾成員請求下，由律政司（在香港則是律政司司長）展開的訴訟，在執行法律的情況下實現公共利益。提出促訟人訴訟以阻止公共權利免受干擾（無論是犯過失或受威脅），或迫使履行公共責任或中止公眾滋擾，而在此訴訟，律政司司長是必要的一方：Ashby v Ebdon [1985] Ch 394， [1984] 3 All ER 869。以律政司司長的名義提出的訴訟，涉及謀求阻止公眾過失的發生或持續的人或團體。鑒於律政司司長被公法承認作為享有在司法法院代表公眾的人，及只有她可繼續進行當然訴訟或以促訟肯定公共權益，她在促訟人訴訟是必要的一方：Gouriet v Union of Post Office Workers [1978] AC 435， [1977] 3 All ER 70（上議院）。由律政司司長作出哪些是適合她代表促訟人起訴的案件的決定是絕對的決定，及因而不受制於法院的覆核：Gouriet v Union of Post Office Workers,見上文。另見 Fiat; Relator; Standing。 |
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