| 单词 | Secret trust |
| 释义 | 秘密信託 A trust which does not appear the face of will, where the details of the trust and the identity of the beneficiaries are secret and known only to the testator and the trustee. It is made by a person who does not wish to make his or her testamentary intentions known to the world. The secret trust will usually appear as an outright gift of the property to the secret trustee, but will be held on trust by the trustee for the beneficiaries according to the testator’s instructions to the trustee prior to death: Re Snowden, Smith v Spowage [1979] Ch 528, 2 All ER 172. In order that there should be a valid fully secret trust, the testator’s intention must be communicated to the donee during the testator’s lifetime (Ottaway v Norman [1972] Ch 698, [1971] 3 All ER 1325), whereas in the case of a half secret trust the communication must be prior to, or contemporaneous with, the will (Re Bateman’s Will Trusts, Brierley v Perry [1970] 3 All ER 817, 1 WLR 1463). Such a trustee may be ‘fully secret’ or ‘half secret’. In either case, the devisee or legatee must have acquiesced in the undertaking so as to attract the equitable jurisdiction. The doctrine of secret trust is distinguished from the doctrine of incorporation by reference. See also Fully secret trust; Half-secret trust; Incorporation by reference; Trust. 在遺囑表面沒有呈現的信託，有關信託的細節和受益人的身份屬秘密，只有立遺囑人和信託人才會知悉。秘密信託由不欲向外界宣告其遺產性質意圖的人作出。秘密信託通常會以向秘密受託人作出財物的徹底饋贈呈現，但會按照立遺囑人對信託人於死前作出的指示，由信託人為受益人以信託持有：Re Snowden, Smith v Spowage [1979] Ch 528, 2 All ER 172。 為確立完全有效的秘密信託，必須於立遺囑人在生時向受贈人傳達立遺囑人的意圖(Ottaway v Norman [1972] Ch 698, [1971] 3 All ER 1325)，而在半秘密信託 的情況，必須在遺囑之前或同時作出傳達 (Re Bateman’s Will Trusts, Brierley v Perry [1970] 3 All ER 817, 1 WLR 1463)。有關的信託人可能是「完全秘密」或「半秘密」。在這兩種情況下，土地遺產繼承人或非土地遺產繼承人必須在承諾默許以享有衡平法的司法管轄權。秘密信託的原則有別於藉提述而納入的原則。另見 Fully secret trust; Half-secret trust; Incorporation by reference; Trust。 |
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