| 单词 | Past consideration |
| 释义 | 已過去代價 Something done by the promisee before the promise was made, which may constitute a motive for the promise, but it is not valuable consideration: German Trade House International Ltd v Lau Wai Ki [1996] 3 HKC 406 (CA). The question whether consideration is past, or merely executed, is essentially one of fact: German Trade House International Ltd v Lau Wai Ki, supra. There were, however, two common law exceptions to the rule that past consideration was no consideration. First, a person who was protected from liability on his promise by some provision of the common law or statute, might waive the benefit of that protection and render himself liable by making a fresh promise, although he received no new consideration for it (Hawkes v Saunders (1775) 1 Cowp. 289), and several such rules have now achieved statutory form (Limitation Ordinance (Cap 347) s 23(3)). Secondly, an existing debt formed a sufficient consideration for a negotiable security given by the debtor to the creditor on account of the debt, even if the security was payable on demand (Misa v Currie (1876) 1 App Cas 554, [1874-80] All ER Rep 686, (HL)); and this exception too has now been confirmed by statute: Fortune Focus International Ltd v The (Holdings) Co Ltd [1998] 1 HKC 578 (CA). See also Consideration; Contract. 受約人在作出承諾前已完成某可能構成承諾的動機，但並不屬於有價代價： German Trade House International Ltd v Lau Wai Ki [1996] 3 HKC 406（上訴法院）。代價已成過去還是已經履行，基本上是一個事實問題：German Trade House International Ltd v Lau Wai Ki, 見上文。然而，就普通法而言，在兩個例外情況下，過去代價仍然是有價值。第一個情況是，某人受普通法或成文法某些條文保護，免就其承諾負上責任，但該人放棄受有關條文保護，即使沒有新的代價，仍另作承諾並就此承諾負上責任 (Hawkes v Saunders (1782) 1 Cowp 289)，而多項有關規則現已被納入成文法(《時效條例》(第347章)第23(3)條)。第二個情況是，某既有債項已構成債務人就該債項給予債權人的可流轉抵押品的足夠代價，即使該項抵押在債權人提出要求時須予支付(Misa v Currie (1876) 1 AC 554（上議院）)；這例外情況亦已獲成文法確認：Fortune Focus International Ltd v The (Holding) Co Ltd [1998] 1 HKC 578（上訴法院）。另見 Consideration; Contract。 |
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