| 单词 | Hypothecation |
| 释义 | 押貨預支 Abbr – Hyp. A form of security for a debt without the transfer of possession or title: for example, Standard Chartered Asia Limited Ordinance (Cap 1136) s 2; Dao Heng Bank Limited Ordinance (Cap 1152) s 2. Bailment - A form of security interest: Bank of China (Hong Kong) Limited (Merger) Ordinance (Cap 1167) s 2. An act for a master of a ship to raise funds to enable him to complete the voyage. A master may hypothecate the cargo where the expenditure for which the funds are required must be reasonably necessary for the completion of the voyage, that the master was unable to produce funds in any other way, that the expenditure was be necessary in the interests of the cargo as well as of the ship and that the master has been unable to communicate with the cargo owner: Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong, Vol 18(1) Maritime Law [250.701]. Equity - A security interest in which the debtor retains possession of the property, in contrast, for example, to a pledge, where possession is given to the creditor. The term is used to indicate a charge on property which gives the chargee neither the right of possession, nor the right to sell, but merely the right to bring judicial proceedings to realise the security. Examples are an equitable charge and equitable lien. See also Equitable charge; Equitable lien; Lien; Pledge. Maritime law - The pledge of a ship or its cargo, by way of bottomry or respondentia respectively, by the master of the ship to obtain money and/or services so as to enable him to carry on or complete the voyage. The provider for the money and/or services has a maritime lien against the ship and/or a lien against the cargo. In the event the owner of the ship or cargo fails to settle the outstanding debts, the money or service provider may claim possession of the ship or cargo. In entering a hypothecation, the master generally acts as an agent of necessity of the owners of the ship and/or cargo. However, since the master is an agent of the shipowner, he may obtain such authority through actual or implied authority: The Onward (1873) LR 4 Adm & Ecc 38. The master must be unable or not reasonably practicable to communicate with the owners of the ship and/or cargo to obtain instructions under the circumstances: The Bonaparte (1853) 8 Moo PC 459; Cargo ex the Hamburg, (1863) 2 Moo PC (NS) 289. The steps taken by the master and the expenses incurred by him in taking such steps should be reasonably necessary in the interests of the ship or cargo for the carrying on or completion of the voyage: China Pacific SA v Food Corp of India, The Winson [1982] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 117 (HL). Due to advancement of communication techniques and equipment, hypothecation is nowadays practically obsolete. See also Agency of necessity; Bottomry; Cargo; Letter of hypothecation; Lien; Ship. Real property - A security transaction which merely acts as an encumbrance on title. There would be no transfer of a proprietary interest in, or of possession of, the property as security for the loan. It is created when the debtor indicates that particular property is to be available on default of his obligations to repay a debt: Sihombing & Wilkinson, A Student’s Guide to Hong Kong Conveyancing (2nd ED, 1997) Ch 13, pp 759-60. See also Pledge. 簡寫 － Hyp 在沒有管有或所有權轉移的情況下，就債項作抵押的一種形式：例如《渣打(亞洲)有限公司條例》（第1136章）第2條；《道亨銀行有限公司條例》（第1152章） 第2條。 委託保管 - 一種抵押權益：《中國銀行（香港）有限公司(合併)條例 》（第1167章）第2條。指船主為了使自己可完成旅程而籌集資金的作為。如所需資金的支出是完成旅程而合理所需的；船主無法以其他方式籌集資金；該支出是為確保該等貨物及船隻的利益所需的，以及在船主無法與貨主聯絡時，船主可以貨物作為抵押：Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong, 第18(1)冊 海事法第[250.701]段。 衡平法 - 指債務人保留對財產的管有之抵押權益，與債權人會取得管有的質押有別中。就財產所作的押記而言，承押記人沒有獲得管有權，亦沒有售賣權，而僅有提起司法程序把抵押變現的權利。另見 Equitable charge; Equitable lien; Lien; Pledge。 海事法 - 船長為取得使他可以繼續或完成航程的金錢及/或服務，分別透過船舶抵押借款或船貨抵押借款而作出的任何船隻或其貨物的質押。金錢及/或服務提供者對該船隻及/或貨物擁有海上留置權。如船主或貨主無法結清尚欠的債項，則金錢或服務提供者可就船隻或貨物的管有權提出申索。在訂立押貨預知時，船長一般以船主及/或貨主的必要代理人的身份行事，但由於船長是船主的代理人，他可通過明示或默示的授權獲取此等權力：The Onward (1873) LR 4 Adm & Ecc 38。在有關情況下，船長必須無法或在合理的切實可行範圍內無法與船主及/或貨主通訊以取得指示：The Bonaparte (1853) 8 Moo PC 459；Cargo ex the Hamburg, (1863) 2 Moo PC (NS) 289。就有關船隻或貨物的利益而言，船長採取的步驟及因該等步驟而招致的支出，必須是為繼續或完成航程而合理所需的：China Pacific SA v Food Corp of India, The Winson [1982] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 117（上議院）。由於通訊技術及設備的進步，現時押貨預知實際上已屬過時。另見 Agency of necessity; Bottomry; Cargo; Letter of hypothecation; Lien; Ship。 土地財產 - 僅作為所有權產權負擔的抵押交易。在作為或管有有關貸款的抵押的財產上，不會有財產所有人權益的轉移。如債務人顯示特定的財產在他不履行償還債務的責任時可供使用，則會產生押貨預支 ：Sihombing & Wilkinson A Student’s Guide to Hong Kong Conveyancing（第2版, 1997年） 第13章， 第759至760頁。另見 Pledge。n. |
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