| 单词 | United Nations |
| 释义 | 聯合國 Abbr – UN An organisation of nations established by the Charter of the United Nations 1945 to replace the League of Nations. The UN consists of the General Assembly, the Security Council, the International Court of Justice, and a number of smaller specialised arms and agencies. It is a voluntary association of states, and membership is open to all countries that accept the Charter of the United Nations 1945 and its principle of peaceful co-existence, and who are accepted by a two-thirds majority vote of the General Assembly. The basis of the UN is that all members are sovereign and equal. It establishes machinery to assist members in settling disputes, to maintain international peace, and to promote cooperation for the general welfare of the world. The UN revolutionised the concept of international laws of war and international laws of peace by developing one customary concept of the laws of armed conflict. UN signatories are assumed, by their acceptance of the charter, to have no right to declare war and may only act in defensive or protective operations. The legitimate mobilisation of armed forces for such actions is vested in the UN’s Security Council. These assumptions have, however, been increasingly challenged by recent military actions of some members. The UN is based in New York, United States; Geneva, Switzerland; and Vienna, Austria. See also General Assembly; International Court of Justice; Secretary-General of the United Nations; United Nations Security Council. 簡稱 – UN 根據《1945年聯合國憲章》由多個國家所確立的組織，以代替國際聯盟。聯合國由聯合國大會、安全理事會、國際法院及若干較小型的專門部隊及機構所組成。聯合國是由多個國家組成的自願性機構，所有接納《1945年聯合國憲章》及其和平共存的原則的國家，均可申請成為會員國，該國家並須獲得聯合國大會三分之二的大多數票通過才可獲接納為會員國。聯合國的基本原則是所有會員國均擁有主權及平等。聯合國確立機制，以協助會員國解決爭端、維持國際和平及為世界整體褔祉而促進合作。聯合國藉發展一套有關軍事糾紛法律的習慣概念，革新國際戰爭法及國際和平法的概念。聯合國簽署國透過接納《1945年聯合國憲章》，會被假定為沒有宣戰的權利及僅可在防衛或防護活動中才可作出行動。聯合國安全理事負責此等軍事行動的合法武裝部隊動員。但此等假定因若干成員國近年來的軍事行動而逐漸受到質疑。聯合國的總部位於美國紐約、瑞士日內瓦及奧地利維也納。另見 General Assembly; International Court of Justice; Secretary-General of the United Nations; United Nations Security Council。 |
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