| 单词 | Privity of estate |
| 释义 | 出租人與承租人的相互關係 The relationship that exists between landlord and tenant and their respective successors in title. It means simply that at the relevant time the parties stand in the relation of landlord and tenant. Thus before any assignment of the lease or of the reversion there is privity of contract and privity of estate between the original landlord and the original tenant: Oriental Solution Investment Ltd v Sin Ka Wing [1999] 4 HKC 135. If the landlord assigns the reversion, privity of estate exists between the assignee and the tenant; similarly, if the tenant assigns the lease, privity of estate exists between the landlord (or the landlord’s assignee) and the tenant’s assignee. However, if a tenant grants a sublease, there is no privity of estate between the landlord and the sublessee. In addition, there is also no privity of estate between the assignor and assignee of a lease: Whitham v Bullock [1939] 2 KB 81, 2 All ER 310, CA (Eng). In Hong Kong, where a tenant grants a sublease under the Landlord and Tenant (Consolidation) Ordinance (Cap 7) pt II, privity of estate exists and the tenant is still the landlord of the subtenant and entitled to apply for recovery of possession and rent: Chan Yeung Kei v Chan Yeung Fai [1998] 2 HKC 491. See also Covenant; Privity of contract; Reversion. 在業主與租客及其相關業權繼任人之間存在的關係。間單而言指在有關的時間, 當事人建立業主和租客的關係。因此在任何租約或復歸權益轉讓之前，在原有業主和原有租客之間，有契約之相互關係和出租人與承租人的相互關係: Solution Investment Ltd v Sin Ka Wing [1999] 4 HKC 135。如業主作出復歸權益的轉移，承讓人和租客之間存在出租人與承租人的相互關係；同樣地，如租客轉讓租約，業主（或業主的承讓人）和租客的承讓人之間存在出租人與承租人的相互關係。但如租客授予分租，在業主和承分租人之間則沒有出租人與承租人的相互關係。此外，在轉讓人和租約承讓人之間也沒有出租人與承租人的相互關係: Whitham v Bullock [1939] 2 KB 81, 2 All ER 310, 英國上訴法院。在香港，凡租客在《業主與租客（綜合）條例》（第７章）第二部下授予分租，出租人與承租人的相互關係存在，而租客仍是分租的業主及享有申請追討管有權和租金: Chan Yeung Kei v Chan Yeung Fai [1998] 2 HKLRD K32。另見 Covenant; Privity of contract; Reversion。 |
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