法律英语词汇“Penalty clause”的翻译、意思、用法、释义-法律词典

单词	Penalty clause
释义	罰款條款 A clause containing a stipulated sum which is not a genuine pre-estimate of the loss but is in the nature of a penalty intended to secure performance of the contract or in the nature of a threat fixed in terrorem of the other party, but imposing a penalty on default is therefore not enforceable: Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong, Vol 22, Remedies [340.173]; Photo Production Ltd v Securicor Transport Ltd [1980] AC 827, 1 All ER 556 (HL). A contract that incorporates a penalty clause does not bar the plaintiff from suing on the clause: Jobson v Johnson [1989] 1 All ER 621, 1 WLR 1026 (CA). However, it will not be enforceable beyond a sum that represents actual loss, nor will it be enforceable for damages beyond the sum agreed: Jobson v Johnson, supra. It would therefore appear that suing for unliquidated damages would appear more sensible: Chan Yock Kwong v Wong Hee Mao [1962] HKLR 480. See also Penalty; Relief against penalties. 載有某規定金額的條款，金額並非對損失的真正預估而屬罰款性質，以保證合約得以履行，或屬威嚇對方性質，但因此對違約施加罰款是不可強制執行的：Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong, 第22冊，補償，第[340.173]段；Photo Production Ltd v Securicor Transport Ltd [1980] AC 827, 1 All ER 556（上議院）。包含罰款條款的合約並不阻止原告人就該條款提出起訴：Jobson v Johnson [1989] 1 All ER 621, 1 WR 1026（英國上訴法院）。然而，超過表示實際損失的金額是不可強制執行的，並且，超過議定損失賠償的金額亦不可強制執行：Jobson v Johnson, 見上文。因此，就非算定損失賠償似是較為明智的做法：Chan Yock Kwong v Wong Hee Mao [1962] HKLR 480。另見 Penalty; Relief against penalties。
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