| 单词 | Constitution |
| 释义 | 憲制 The fundamental structure of the legislative, executive and judicial branches of government of a distinct political community. A constitution may be in the form of a written document legislatively enacted by a competent body such as a national assembly. The present Constitution of the People’s Republic of China, for example, was enacted by the Fifth Meeting of the Fifth National People’s Congress on 4 December, 1982. A constitution may also be unwritten where the doctrines and rules as to the government structure are scattered through various statutes, court decisions, usage and conventions. An example is the constitution of the United Kingdom. Under the principle of ‘one country, two systems’, the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China became the constitution of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region upon its establishment on 1 July 1997 when China resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong: Ng Ka Ling (An Infant) & Anor v Director of Immigration; Tsui Kuen Nang v Director of Immigration; Director of Immigration v Cheung Lai Wah (An Infant) [1999] 1 HKC 291, 1 HKLRD 577 (CFA). The Basic Law was enacted pursuant to the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China art 31. Voluntary associations - The formal written rules of an unincorporated or incorporated association. An unincorporated association or society shall be registered under the Societies Ordinance (Cap 151). The first members of an unincorporated association may agree to adopt a constitution, which generally regulates the association’s objects and purposes, admission to and expulsion from membership, management of affairs and control of property: Conservative and Unionist Central Office v Burrell [1980] 3 All ER 42. A copy of the constitution of an incorporated association must be lodged with the relevant register or officer established under the appropriate legislation: Building Management Ordinance (Cap 344). See also Incorporated association; Unincorporated association. 獨立政治社會的政府在立法，行政和司法各個層而面的基本組織。憲制可以是主管組織（例如國民議會）立法制定的一份書面文件；例如中華人民共和國現有憲法，就是第五屆全國人民代表大會第五次會議在1982年12月4日制定的。憲制也可以是不成文的。在不成文憲制中，有關政府的原則和規則，會散見於各個法規、法庭判決、習慣和慣例中，例如美國的憲制便是。根據「一國兩制」的原則，中華人民共和國香港特別行政區的《基本法》，在1997年7月1日當中國對香港恢復行使主權並設立香港特別行政區後，便成為香港特別行政區的憲法：Ng Ka Ling (An Infant) & Anor v Director of Immigration; Tsui Kuen Nang v Director of Immigration; Director of Immigration v Cheung Lai Wah (An Infant) [1999] 1 HKC 291, 1 HKLRD 577（終審法院）。《基本法》是依據《中華人民共和國憲法》第31條制定的。 志願組織 - 法人組織或非法人組織的正式成文規定。非法人組織須根據《社團條例》（第151章）註冊。非法人組織的首任成員可就采納「章程」達成協議，並同意該「章程」規限該組織的宗旨和目的、會員的收納和開除、事務的管理及財產的控制：Conservative and Unionist Central Office v Burrell [1980] 3 All ER 42。法人組織須根據相關法例向有關處長或人員交存一份「章程」副本：《建築物管理條例》（第344章）。另見 Incorporated association; Unincorporated association。 n. |
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