| 单词 | Constructive notice |
| 释义 | 法律構定的知悉 Knowledge that a person would have obtained had he or she made the inquiries that an honest and reasonable person would have made in the ordinary course of the transaction in question. The equitable doctrine of constructive notice whereby a person without actual notice of some matter is in certain circumstances treated as if he had notice of it is commonly applied in dealing with estates in land, but will not as a general rule be extended to commercial transactions: Greer v Downs Supply Co [1927] 2 KB 28 (CA). It does not apply where negotiable securities are taken in the ordinary course of business and without ground of suspicion, merely because inquiry would have led to knowledge of a defect of title: Fuller v Glyn, Mills, Currie & Co [1914] 2 KB 168. Also known as ‘imputed notice’. See also Actual knowledge; Actual notice; Imputed knowledge; Imputed notice; Notice. Corporations - A company is subject to the rule that, where the conduct of a party charged with notice shows that he had suspicions of a state of facts the knowledge of which would affect his legal rights, but that he deliberately refrained from making inquiries, he will be treated as having had notice, though he is not entitled to claim for his own advantage to be treated as having knowledge of the facts which inquiry would have disclosed: Jones v Smith (1841) 1 Hare 43; Houghton & Co v Nothard, Lowe & Wills Ltd [1927] 1 KB 246 (CA), [1928] AC 1 (HC). Nevertheless, generally speaking, the equitable doctrines of constructive notice are not applicable to purely commercial transactions: Greer v Downs Supply Co [1927] 2 KB 28 (CA). See also Constitution; Indoor management rule; Memorandum of association; Registrable charge. 假如某人作出查究，即如一個誠實及合理的人通常在有關的業務運作中會作出如是查究，他、她應該知悉的事情。法律構定的知悉的衡平法原則，即在特定的情況下，視對某些事件沒有實際知悉的人，為知悉該某些事件的一個原則，一般在處理土地產業權時會被引用，但作為一般規則，不會被引伸應用於商業業務上：Greer v Downs Supply Co [1927] 2 KB 28（英國上訴法院）。在可流轉證券的業務通常運作中，在沒有理由懷疑的情況下，法律構定的知悉原則，不會僅僅因為查究便會知悉所有權欠妥的情況而被引用：Fuller v Glyn, Mills, Currie & Co [1914] 2 KB 168。法律構定的知悉亦稱為「認定知道」。另見 Actual knowledge; Actual notice; Imputed knowledge; Imputed notice; Notice。 推定注意 - 公司遵守這樣的規則：凡某一方的行為顯示其懷疑某種事實狀態會對其法律權利產生影響，但他故意避免進行詢問，他將會被認為已經注意到，儘管他不對為其利益的主張享有權利，被認為知道詢問將揭露的事實：Jones v Smith (1841) 1 Hare 43; Houghton & Co v Nothard, Lowe & Wills Ltd [1927] 1 KB 246（英國上訴法院）, [1928] AC 1（英國上訴法院）。儘管如此，一般來說，衡平法的推定注意原則對純粹的商業交易不適用：Greer v Downs Supply Co [1927] 2 KB 28另見 Constitution; Indoor management rule; Memorandum of association; Registrable charge。 |
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