| 单词 | Right |
| 释义 | 權利 Generally, a benefit or claim entitling a person to be treated in a certain way. More exact definitions vary according to the theoretical frameworks of the jurisprudential schools. The most frequently used definitions are those of Wesley Newcombe Hohfeld, who drew a distinction between rights and liberties; Ronald Dworkin, who developed a theory of rights in Taking Rights Seriously (1977); and the natural law theorist John Finnis, particularly as formulated in his Natural Law and Natural Rights (1980). The major cleavage between the schools is whether rights are natural or divinely ordained (and as such, universal and immutable); or whether they exist merely by convention (in which event they are relative to changing cultural and social norms). In Hong Kong, the fundamental rights of the residents are protected by, among others, the Hong Kong Bill of Rights (Cap 383), Chapter III of the Basic Law of the Hong Kong SAR, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 1966. See also Bill of rights; International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966; Law of nature. 概括而言，一人有權被若干方式對待的權益或權利。更加確實的定義根據法理學學派的理論而有所不同。最常用的定義有：Wesley Newcombe Hohfeld就權利和自由作出的分辨；Ronald Dworkin在認真對待權利（1977年）發展的權利理論；及自然法理論家John Finnis特別在其自然法及自然權利（1980年）提出的理論。主要學派之間的分歧是權利是否由自然而生或神聖地被制定（因而權利是世界共通的及永遠不變的）；或是否僅由慣例而存在（因而與轉變中的文化和社會規範有關）。在香港，《香港人權法案條例》（第383章），《香港特別行政區基本法》第三章，《1966年公民權利和政治權利國際公約》及《1966年經濟、社會和文化權利國際公約》等均保障居民的基本權利。另見 Bill of rights; International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966; Law of nature。n. |
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