| 单词 | Egg shell skull rule |
| 释义 | 脆弱原則 The rule requiring a tortfeasor to take his or her victim as the tortfeasor finds him or her, with all the victim’s weaknesses, beliefs, and reactions as well as his or her capacities and attributes, physical, social, and economic: Giblett v P and NE Murray Ltd (The Times, 25 May 1999, unreported). Once it is established that the defendant could have foreseen some injury of the kind suffered by the plaintiff, the defendant is responsible for the full extent of damage to the plaintiff, even though, owing to some unusual weaknesses or defects peculiar to the plaintiff, the damage was greater than that which would have been suffered by the ordinary person. Thus, it is irrelevant that the defendant could not foresee the greater harm; the defendant should be aware of the unpredictable consequences of his or her conduct which depend to some degree on the idiosyncrasies of the victim: Dulieu v White [1901] 2 KB 669 (DC); Smith v Leech Brain & Co Ltd [1961] 3 All ER 1159, [1962] 2 QB 405; Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Morts Dock & Engineering Co Ltd (Wagon Mound No 1) [1961] 1 All ER 404, AC 388, 2 WLR 126 (PC). Also known as ‘thin skull rule’. See also Susceptible plaintiff. 此原則規定侵權人須接受受害人在被該侵權人發現時的狀況，包括受害人的所有弱點、所信之事、反應、以及其身體上、社會上和經濟上的能力及特性：Giblett v P and NE Murray Ltd （《時代日報》1999年5月25日，未經彙報）。一旦確定被告人可預見原告人所蒙受的傷害，被告人即須為原告人所蒙受的所有損害負責；即使原告人有某些特殊不尋常的弱點或缺陷導致他／她的損害超逾一般人所蒙受的，被告人仍須為原告人所蒙受的所有損害負責。因此被告人不能預見超逾一般損失的事實並不相關；被告人應知悉其行為不可預知的後果，而此等後果在某程度上是取決於受害人的特質的：Dulieu v White [1901] 2 KB 669（英國地方法院）；Smith v Leech Brain & Co Ltd [1961] 3 All ER 1159，[1962] 2 QB 405；Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Morts Dock & Engineering Co Ltd (Wagon Mound No 1) [1961] 1 All ER 404，AC 388，2 WLR 126 （樞密院）。另見 Susceptible plaintiff。 |
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