| 单词 | Apparent authority |
| 释义 | 表面權限 A clear and unequivocal representation that an agent has certain authority to act on behalf of the principal. The content of this representation is the agent’s apparent authority. It is the authority which the agent is represented as having and which the principal is estopped from denying. A representation by the agent that he has authority could not create apparent authority unless the principal could be regarded as having in some way instigated, or permitted, or put the agent in a position where he appears to be authorised to make it: Re Swiftway International Ltd [2000] 1 HKLRD C7. To establish apparent authority, certain conditions must be satisfied: Freeman & Lockyer (A Firm) v Buckhurst Park Properties (Mangal) Ltd & Anor [1964] 1 All ER 630, 2 QB 480 (CA); Chan Kay (t/a Hing Lee Timber Co)(A Firm) v Shing Lee Engineering Co Ltd & Standard Regent Engineering (Third Party) [1999] 3 HKLRD 12. The common example of apparent authority is the usual authority attached to a certain position which the principal has permitted the agent to assume. To that extent, apparent authority may exceed actual authority. This often occurs as a result of the principal’s unannounced withdrawal of part of the agent’s usual authority. See also Actual authority; Agency; Agency by estoppel; Apparent partner; Express authority; Implied authority; Principal. 清晰而不含糊的代表，即代理人有若干代表其委託人行事的權限。此等代表的涵義即代理人的表面權限。 代理人具有代表行事的權力，而其委託人是不容反悔否認的。除非有關委託人在若干方式下可被視為已慫恿、准予或致使其代理人處於他／她看來是無權限作出的處境，否則代理人代表的權限並不可產生表面權限：Re Swiftway International Ltd [2000] 1 HKLRD C7。 必須符合若干條件才可確立表面權限：Freeman & Lockyer (A Firm) v Buckhurst Park Properties (Mangal) Ltd & Anor [1964] 1 All ER 630, 2 QB 480 (芵國上訴法院); Chan Kay (t/a Hing Lee Timber Co)(A Firm) v Shing Lee Engineering Co Ltd & Standard Regent Engineering (Third Party) [1999] 3 HKLRD 12。表面權限司空見慣的例子是加於慣常權限的若干處境，即有關委託人已准予其代理人行使的權限。即表面權限可超逾實際權限。此等情況通常是因應有關委託人在沒有宣布撤回有關代理部分的慣常權限的情況下產生的。另見 Actual authority; Agency; Agency by estoppel; Apparent partner; Express authority; Implied authority; Principal。 |
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