| 单词 | Maritime lien |
| 释义 | 海上留置權 A proprietary interest in a ship or other maritime thing, conferred on a creditor by law as security for a debt or claim. It somewhat resembles a right of priority of satisfaction out of the proceeds of the thing in a concurrence of creditors. Maritime lien does not include, or require, any possession of the thing. It confers a true charge on the ship and freight of a proprietary kind in favour of the ‘privileged’ creditor. The charge goes with the ship everywhere, even in the hands of a purchaser for value without notice, and has a certain ranking with other maritime liens, all of which take precedence over mortgages: The Tolten (1946) 79 Ll L Rep 349. A maritime lien may be discharged either by being satisfied or from the laches of the lien owner, or in any other way which, by law, it may be discharged: The Two Ellens (1872) LR 4 PC 161. There are four types of maritime liens: damage done by a ship; salvage; seamen’s wages; bottomry and respondentia: The Bold Buccleugh (1851) 7 Moo PCC 267. The scope is extended by statute to cover claims for master’s remuneration and disbursements: Merchant Shipping (Seafarers) Ordinance (Cap 478) s 94. Under Hong Kong law, maritime lien ranks higher than mortgage, but lower than costs of arrest and possessory lien of repairers. Maritime lien is not capable of being transferred voluntarily in any form whether by way of subrogation or by way of contractual assignment, whether legal or equitable (The SPARTI [2000] 3 HKC 323) unless such transfer is made with sanction of the court (The Berostar [1970] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 403). See also Bottomry bond; Cargo; Carrier’s lien; Freight; Hypothecation; In rem; Lien; Maritime claim; Master; Salvage; Seaman; Ship; Statutory lien. 指船隻或其他海上事項的所有人權益，根據法律賦予債權人作為債項或申索的保證金。它稍微與在債權人同意的情況下，從某事項所得的收益中的滿足優先權利相似。海上留置權不包括或需要某事項的管有權。它將船隻的押紀與所有人的貨品以享有特權的債權人為受益人賦予。該押記與船隻同在，即使在付出有值代價及沒有獲得通知的買主手中，以及與其他海上留置權享有特定的位置，所有留置權的排名皆高於按揭：The Tolten (1946) 79 Ll L Rep 349。海上留置權可因被接納而解除因留置權持有人就行使權利方面的疏忽延誤，或以其他方式，如根據法律，對留置權作出解除：The Two Ellens (1872) LR 4 PC 161。當中有四個類型的海上留置權：由船隻造成的損害；救助；海員的工資；船舶抵押借款及船貨抵押借款：The Bold Buccleugh (1851) 7 Moo PCC 267。涵蓋範圍由法規擴闊至可覆蓋船長就薪酬、墊支款項所提出的申索：《商船（海員）條例》 （第478章） 第94條。根據香港法律，海上留置權相對按揭處於較高的位置，但比逮捕代價及修理者的佔有留置權低。海上留置權沒有能力被自願地以任何方式轉移，不論是以代位權或以合約轉讓契的方式，不論是法律上或衡平法上(The SPARTI [2000] 3 HKC 323)，除非該轉移因法庭制裁而作出(The Berostar [1970] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 403)。另見 Bottomry bond; Cargo; Carrier’s lien; Freight; Hypothecation; In rem; Lien; Maritime claim; Master; Salvage; Seaman; Ship; Statutory lien. |
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