| 单词 | Common carrier |
| 释义 | 公共運輸人 1. Individuals or organisations who undertake for reward, the transportation from place to place of the goods of any such consignor who may choose to employ them, irrespective of who they may be: James v Commonwealth (1939) 62 CLR 339, 13 ALJ 34. The carriers of passengers are similarly obliged to so carry them, regardless of who they may be and subject to the availability of space and in the absence of any legal reason for refusal. 2. Private carriers may reject those who wish to hire them and alternatively may only do so in particular circumstances. They are therefore engaged in the trade by special contract. Rejection of a particular carriage by reason of the conveyance being full does not mean the carrier ceases to be a common carrier. 3. Carriers may be liable for loss, damage or injury sustained during the carriage, subject to any special agreement which might exist or statutory exemption or where the loss or injury was caused by an act of God. The term ‘carrier’ is applicable to one who assumes risk on behalf of another, such as underwriters, assurers, insurers, or particularly marine insurers. See also Carriage by land; Carrier; Private carrier. 1. 個人或者機構為了報酬而承擔將僱傭它們的委托人的貨物從一地運送到另一地的責任，而無論委托人將會是誰：James v Commonwealth (1939) 62 CLR 339, 13 ALJ 34。與此相似，如果缺乏合法的拒絕理由，乘客的承運人有責任運送乘客，而無論他們是誰，但受制於可利用的空間。 2.私人承運人可以拒絕任何想僱傭他們的人，或者只有在特定的情況下才能這樣做。因此，他們在貿易中收到特定合約的約束。因運送業務負荷已滿而拒絕某項運輸並不意味著該承運人不再是公共運輸人。 3.承運人應當為在運輸過程中發生的丟失、損失或損害承擔責任，除非有特定的協議存在，或有法定的豁免，或是因為不可抗力。「承運人」一詞亦適用於任何代表他人並預計會承擔風險的人，比如保險商、保證人、保險人或者特定的海上保險人。另見 Carriage by land; Carrier; Private carrier。 |
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