| 单词 | Customary international law |
| 释义 | 習慣國際法 Law which has evolved from the practice and customs of states. Customary international law is regarded as a foundation of international law. State practice may give rise to customary international law if it fulfils certain criteria. The practice must be consistent and widely adopted by states; there must be ‘duration of practice’, although the length of time may vary; and the practice must be opinio juris (regarded as obligatory by states): North Sea Continental Shelf cases (Federal Republic of Germany v Denmark; Federal Republic of Germany v The Netherlands) 1969 ICJ Rep 3. Initial and sustained objection may prevent a state from being bound by customary international law: Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries (UK v Norway) 1951 ICJ Rep 116. Local custom may fall within the definition of international custom evidencing a general practice acceptance as law under the Statute of the International Court of Justice 1945 art 38(d). All parties practising the local custom must accept it as legally binding: Asylum case (Colombia v Peru) 1950 ICJ Rep 266. See also Custom. 由國家實踐和慣例演進而成的法律。國際習慣法被認為構成國際法的基礎。國家實踐在符合某種標準時可以導致習慣國際法的產生。國家實踐必須一致並且被各國廣泛接受；實踐還需要具有持續性，儘管持續的時間不盡相同；實踐還必須伴隨法律確信（被國家當作義務）：North Sea Continental Shelf cases (Federal Republic of Germany v Denmark; Federal Republic of Germany v The Netherlands) 1969 ICJ Rep 3。一國由始自終反對某一實踐可以防止其受由該實踐發展而成的國際習慣法的約束：Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries (UK v Norway) 1951 ICJ Rep 116. 地方習慣符合1945年《國際法院規約》第38(d)條對習慣國際法——作為通例之證明而接受為法律者——的定義。所有執行地方習慣的國家必須認可其法律拘束力：Asylum case (Colombia v Peru) 1950 ICJ Rep 266。另見 Custom。 |
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