| 单词 | Searle v Wallbank, rule in |
| 释义 | Searle訴Wallbank之原則 The common law principle that there is no general obligation on the part of an owner or occupier of land adjoining a highway to fence the land to keep that person’s animals (if mansuetae naturae and not known to be dangerous) off the highway: Searle v Wallbank [1947] AC 341, 1 All ER 12 (HL). This rule applies in Hong Kong. Under the rule, if an animal escapes onto the highway and injures a member of the public who is lawfully using the highway, the owner or occupier is liable only if it can be shown that the owner or occupier knew that the animal possessed vicious or mischievous propensities; or possibly, that there were other special circumstances which took the case out of the ordinary rule and were known to the owner, or ought to have been known, and against which it was the owner’s or occupier’s duty to guard: Draper v Hodder [1972] 2 QB 556, 2 All ER 210 (CA). A mere propensity to stray is not such a special characteristic as of itself to take the case out of the rule: Ellis v Johnstone [1963] 2 QB 8, 1 All ER 286 (CA). 普通法的原則，毗鄰公路的擁有人或佔用人沒有一般守衛土地以確保有關人士的動物（如馴養了的及不知悉會有危險）離開公路的責任：Searle v Wallbank [1947] AC 341, 1 All ER 12（上議院）。此原則適用於香港。在此規則下，如動物逃往公路，並傷害正在合法使用公路的公眾人士，如可顯示擁有人或佔用人知悉動物有兇猛的或為害的傾向／習性；或可能有其他個別情況的案件與一般的規則例外，即擁有人知悉，或應該知悉，則擁有人或佔用人才會有法律責任，並因而有守衛的責任：Draper v Hodder [1972] 2 QB 556, 2 All ER 210（英國上訴法院）。僅僅迷路的傾向不是此原則例外的特徵：Ellis v Johnstone [1963] 2 QB 8, 1 All ER 286 (英國上訴法院)。 |
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