| 单词 | Security for costs |
| 释义 | 就訟費提供的保證 The deposit of moneys with a court or the provision of some other acceptable form of security to meet the possibility that the party ordered to provide security will fail in the proceedings and will be unable to pay costs ordered against that party in favour of the party seeking security. The plaintiff may be ordered to give such security for the defendant’s costs of the action or other proceeding as the court thinks just, where it appears to the court: (1) that the plaintiff is ordinarily resident out of the jurisdiction (The Rules of the High Court (Cap 4A) O 23 r 1(1)(a)); (2) that the plaintiff, not being a plaintiff who is suing in a representative capacity, is a nominal plaintiff who is suing for the benefit of some other person and that there is reason to believe that he will be unable to pay the costs of the defendant if ordered to do so (O 23 r 1(1)(b)); (3) that the address of the plaintiff is not stated in the writ or other originating process or is incorrectly stated there, unless the court is satisfied that the failure to state the address or the misstatement was made innocently and without intention to deceive (O 23 r 1(2)); or (4) that the plaintiff has changed his address during the course of the proceedings with a view to evading the consequences of the litigation (O 23 r 1(1)(d)). However, it is no longer an inflexible or rigid rule that a plaintiff resident abroad should provide security for costs: Lauria v Le Salon Orient (Hong Kong) Ltd [1996] 3 HKC 157. Although an application for security for costs may be made at any stage of the proceedings, it should be made as promptly as possible, and it should not be made too late or too close to the trial, since, unless there is a reasonable explanation for the delay, it may be refused: Whale View Investment Ltd v Kensland Realty Ltd (CACV 286/2000, unreported). When exercising its discretion to make a security for costs order the court will consider whether the plaintiff’s claim is bona fide and has reasonable prospects of success: Sir Sindsay Parkinsan & Co Ltd v Triplan Ltd [1973] 1 QB 609. An order for security for costs may be made against a legally-aided litigant in the same way as any other litigant: Li Hing Wan v Fung Chi Wah [1986] 1 HKC 333 (CA). The court, in the exercise of its discretion, may also decide not to order security for costs where the plaintiff is legally aided since, if the plaintiff were unsuccessful, the defendant’s costs would be paid out of the Legal Aid Fund: Lauria v Le Salon Orient (Hong Kong) Ltd, supra. Security for costs will not be ordered where the plaintiff is an undischarged bankrupt: Ng Yat Chi v Max Share Ltd [1996] 4 HKC 284. Security for costs can extend to costs already incurred as well as to future costs: Andersen v Huang Kuang Yuan [1997] HKLRD 1360 (CA). See also Costs. 存放於法院的款項或提供若干其他可以接受的保證方式，以便在被命令提供保證的一方於法律程序敗訴時及不能支付訟費時，作為支付這筆款項的費用。凡法庭覺得：(1) 原告人通常居於本司法管轄權範圍外（《高等法院規則》（第4A章）第23號命令第1(1)(a)規則）；(2) 原告人(並非以代表的身分起訴的原告人)是為使另一人得益而作起訴的名義上的原告人，並有理由相信原告人如被命令支付被告人的訟費則會無法照辦（第23號命令第1(1)(b)規則）；(3) 原告人的地址並無在令狀或其他原訴法律程序文件中述明，或並無在令狀或其他原訴法律程序文件中正確地述明，（除非原告人使法庭信納他沒有述明地址或誤報地址是無心之失及並非意圖欺騙）（第23號命令第1(2)規則）；或 (4) 原告人在法律程序進行期間轉換地址，而目的是逃避有關訴訟的後果（第23號命令第1(1)(d) 規則），則原告可被命令提供此類保證，作為被告法律行動或其他法律程序的訟費（以法院認為合適為準）。但如原告是海外居民便應提供訟費保證的規則再不是不可更改或嚴格的規則：Lauria v Le Salon Orient (Hong Kong) Ltd [1996] 3 HKC 157。 儘管可在法律程序的任何階段申請此保證，但應盡早申請，而不應太遲或太近審訴時作出，因為除非有延誤的合理解釋，否則申請可被拒絕：Whale View Investment Ltd v Kensland Realty Ltd (HCA 9231/97, 未經彙報)。當行使酌情權，以決定是否作出就訟費提供保證的命令時，法院會考慮原告的申索是否真誠及是否有合理勝訴的機會：Sir Sindsay Parkinsan & Co Ltd v Triplan Ltd [1973] 1 QB 609。 法院可以對任何其他訴訟人的同樣的方式，對獲法律援助的訴訟人作出就訟費提供保證令：Li Hing Wan v Fung Chi Wah [1986] HKC 333（上訴法庭）。法院在行使其酌情權時，如原告獲法律援助，可決定不作出有關的命令，因為如原告勝訴，被告人的訟費會由法律援助基金支付： Lauria v Le Salon Orient (Hong Kong) Ltd，見上文。如被告是未獲解除破產的人，則不會作出此令： Ng Yat Chi v Max Share Ltd [1996] 4 HKC 284。就訟費提供的保證可引申而適用於已招致的訟費及將來的訟費：Andersen v Huang Kuang Yuan [1997] HKLRD 1360（上訴法庭）。另見 Costs。 |
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