| 单词 | Self-determination |
| 释义 | 自決 In relation to the conflict of laws, the inherent right of all peoples to freely determine their political status and pursue their economic, social, and cultural development: for example GA Res 2625 (XXV) Principle 5; International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966 art 1. All peoples may also freely dispose of their natural wealth and resources with due observance of international law and any obligations arising out of international economic cooperation: GA Res 1803 (XVII). Self-determination may be exercised through the free choice of the peoples concerned expressed through informed and democratic processes: GA Res 1541 (XV). Exactly who constitutes a ‘people’ for the purpose of self-determination remains controversial. Self-determination includes the right of the people of a colonial territory to determine under whose rule or which rules they wish to live: Western Sahara Case [1975] ICJ Rep 12. It is unclear how far the right to self-determination extends beyond the colonial context. The right to self-determination does not include the right to secession: Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples 1960 para 6. The General Assembly of the United Nations established a Decolonisation Committee (known as the Committee of 24) to give effect to its commitment to self-determination. The principle is that the choice of the people must be free and voluntary and must be expressed through an informed and democratic process: GA Res 1541 (XV), 15 December 1960. See also Colony; Decolonisation; International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966. 就衝突法而言，指任何人可自由決定其政治狀況、以及追求其經濟、社會和文化發表的固有權利：例如GA Res 2625 (XXV) Principle 5;《1966年公民權利和政治權利國際公約》第1條。在適當地遵守國際法及任何由國際經濟合作產生的任何責任的情況下，任何人亦可自由地處置其天然的財富及資源：GA Res 1803 (XVII)。可透過有關人士自由選擇的方式行使自決，並透過獲給予充分的資料及民主的過程表達：GA Res 1541 (XV)。 就自決的目的而言，誰構成「人民」仍然具爭議性。自決包括殖民地的人民，就他們所希望受管治的規則及人而作出決定的權利：Western Sahara Case [1975] ICJ Rep 12。仍未清晰的是自決權引申而適用於殖民地的文意的程度。自決權並不包括繼承權：《1960年賦予殖民地國家及人民獨立的宣言》第6段。聯合國大會確立非殖民化委員會(稱為24委員會) ，以示明承擔自決。 此等原則指人民的選擇必須是自由及自願的，並須是透過獲給予充分的資料及民主的過程表達：GA Res 1541 (XV), 15 December 1960。 另見Colony; Decolonisation; International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966。 |
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