| 单词 | Duty to act in good faith for the benefit of the company as a whole |
| 释义 | 本著真誠為公司整體利益行事的責任 The duty of a director of a company, due to the fiduciary relationship between the director and the company, to act bona fide in the interests of the company as a whole: Re Smith and Fawcett Ltd [1942] 1 All ER 542, Ch 304 (CA); Alexander v Automatic Telephone Co [1900] 2 Ch 56, Charterbridge Corp Ltd v Lloyds Bank Ltd [1969] 2 All ER 1185, [1970] Ch 62. Good faith is tested subjectively. The duty to act bona fide in the best interests of the company is a subjective one: Re Smith and Fawcett Ltd, supra. However, many cases were held that directors may breach their duty, even if they are acting what they genuinely consider to be an honest manner, because they have failed to give proper consideration to the interests of the company. It is not clear which interests of the company need to be considered. Various entities have been considered, namely, existing members, future members, creditors, beneficiaries under a trust administered by the ‘trustee’ company, employees, customers, contractors and the community. A director of a company in a group structure must consider the interests of the separate entity alone: Gaiman v National Assn for Mental Health [1970] 2 All ER 362, [1971] Ch 317; Parke v Daily News Ltd [1962] 2 All ER 929, Ch 927; West Mercia Safetywear Ltd v Dodd [1988] BCLC 250 (CA); Winkworth v Edward Baron Development Co Ltd [1987] 1 All ER 114, BCLC 193 (HL). See also Directors’ duties; Fiduciary; Honest lunatic test. 指基於董事和公司之間的受信關係，公司董事須本著真誠為公司整體利益行事的責任：Re Smith and Fawcett Ltd [1942] 1 All ER 542, Ch 304 （芵國上訴法院）；Alexander v Automatic Telephone Co [1900] 2 Ch 56，Charterbridge Corp Ltd v Lloyds Bank Ltd [1969] 2 All ER 1185, [1970] Ch 62。真誠是從主觀角度檢驗的。本著真誠為公司最優利益行事的責任是一項主觀的責任：Re Smith and Fawcett Ltd, 見上文。但很多案件的判決是，即使董事以自己確實認為誠實的方式行事，也可能違反此等責任，因為他們未能適當地考慮公司的利益。但仍未確定所需予考慮的公司利益。各種實體均曾被予以考慮，即現有的成員、未來的成員、債權人、由「受託人」公司管理的信託的受益人、僱員、客戶、承包人及社群。集團結構的公司的董事須考慮各別單獨實體的利益：Gaiman v National Assn for Mental Health [1970] 2 All ER 362， [1971] Ch 317；Parke v Daily News Ltd [1962] 2 All ER 929, Ch 927；West Mercia Safetywear Ltd v Dodd [1988] BCLC 250 （上訴法院）；Winkworth v Edward Baron Development Co Ltd [1987] 1 All ER 114, BCLC 193（英國上訴法院）。另見 Directors’ duties; Fiduciary; Honest lunatic test。 |
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