| 单词 | Specific performance |
| 释义 | 強制履行令／特定履行令 An equitable remedy granted by the court to compel the performance of contractual obligations by the party whom the order for specific performance is made against. An order applied to an executed contract requiring the defendant to perform his or her contractual obligation: Australian Hardwoods Pty Ltd v Cmrs for Railways [1961] 1 All ER 737. Specific performance is ordered where damages for breach of contract are inadequate and where it will do ‘more perfect and complete justice’: Wellfit Investments Ltd v Poly Commence [1997] 2 HKC 236, HKLRD 857 (PC). An order for specific performance often falls into two parts: the first can be of a declaratory nature; the second containing consequential directions: Hasham v Zenab [1960] AC 316, 2 WLR 374 (PC). It is intended to put both parties in the same position as if their respective contractual obligations had been timeously performed by both of them: Harvela Investments Ltd v Royal Trust Co of Canada (CI) Ltd [1986] 1 AC 207, [1985] 2 All ER 966 (HL). Specific performance cannot be ordered against the government: Crown Proceedings Ordinance (Cap 300) s 16(1)(a). In any action for breach of contract to deliver specific or ascertained goods, the court may, if it thinks fit, on the application of the plaintiff, by its judgment direct that the contract shall be performed specifically, without giving the defendant the option of retaining the goods on payment of damages: Sale of Goods Ordinance (Cap 26) s 54. A contract with a company to take up and pay for any debentures of the company may be enforced by an order for specific performance: Companies Ordinance (Cap 32) s 78. The jurisdiction to grant specific performance is vested in the High Court: High Court Ordinance (Cap 4) ss 16, 17. Specific performance is available in the District Court for the specific performance of any agreement for the sale, purchase or lease of any property where, in the case of a sale or purchase, the purchase money, or, in the case of a lease, the value of the property, does not exceed the District court limit: District Court Ordinance (Cap 336) s 37(1)(d). If the order for specific performance is not complied with, the court may nominate a person to do the act required; it may also commit persons for contempt of court: The Rules of High Court (Cap 4A) O 45 r 8. See also Damage; Equity; Inadequacy of damages; Injunction; Performance. 由法庭批予的衡平法補救，強制特定履行令所針對的合約一方履行合約義務。施行於已生效合約的命令規定，被告人履行其合約義務：Australian Hardwoods Pty Ltd v Cmrs for Railways [1961] 1 All ER 737。在損害賠償對違約行為補償不足時，並在「更可伸張公義」的情況下作出強制履行令：Wellfit Investments Ltd v Poly Commence [1997] 2 HKC 236, HKLRD 857 (樞密院)。強制履行令通常有兩個部份：第一部份屬宣佈性質；第二部份包含相應的指示： Hasham v Zenab [1960] AC 316, 2 WLR 374 (樞密院；)。目的為使兩方回到假如他們適時履行各自的合約義務的位置上：Harvela Investments Ltd v Royal Trust Co of Canada (CI) Ltd [1986] 1 AC 207, [1985] 2 All ER 966 (上議院)。強制履行令不得在針對政府的情況下發出：《官方法律程序條例》（第300章）第16(1)(a)條。在任何因違約不交付特定貨品或經確定貨品而提出的訴訟中，法院如認為適當，可應原告人的申請，藉法院的判決指示合約須予強制履行而不給予被告人在繳付損害賠償後保留貨品的選擇：《貨品售賣條例》（第26章）第54條。一份為承購公司的債權證及就該等債權證付款而與公司訂立的合約，可藉強制履行令予以執行：《公司條例》（第32章）第78條。高等法院被賦予批予強制履行令的司法管轄權：《高等法院條例》（第4章）第16及17條。區域法院可就不超越區域法院限額的出售、購買或租賃財產的協議，而如屬出售或購買協議就買款，或如屬租賃協議則就財產，發出強制履行令：《區域法院條例》（第336章）第37(1)(d)條。不遵從強制履行令者，法庭可委任某人作出所需的作為；法庭亦可以藐視罪處罰違反強制履行令的人：《高等法院規則》（第4A章）第45號命令第8條規則。另見 Damage; Equity; Inadequacy of damages; Injunction; Performance。 |
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