| 单词 | Mutual wills |
| 释义 | 共同遺囑 Wills are mutual when the testators confer upon each other reciprocal benefits, which may be absolute benefits in each other’s property (Stone v Hoskins [1905] P 194 1), or life interests with the same ultimate disposition of each estate on the death of the survivor (Gray v Perpetual Trustee Co Ltd [1928] AC 391). In practice, the several wills which constitute a joint will are mutual, but reciprocal benefits may be given by separate wills and these are known as mutual wills (Re Heys Walker v Gaskill [1914] P 192). In order for the doctrine of mutual wills to apply it is essential to show a clear agreement in the wills or elsewhere, that they are to be mutually binding, whether or not that is expressed in language of revocation: Re Goodchild (dec’d), Goodchild v Goodchild [1997] 3 All ER 63 (CA). See also Joint grant; Joint will; Right of survivorship. 當立遺囑人就其他各項互惠利益交換意見時，遺囑即為共同遺囑。該等利益可能為各方物業的絕對利益（Stone v Hoskins [1905] P 194 1），或於生存者死亡時最終處置各項遺產的終身權益（Gray v Perpetual Trustee Co Ltd [1928] AC 391）。實際上，構成聯合遺囑的多份遺囑均為共同遺囑，但互惠利益將可能按照個別遺囑而給出，該等個別遺囑被稱作共同遺囑（Re Heys Walker v Gaskill [1914] P 192）。為實施共同遺囑中的原則，遺囑或其他文件中需載有明確協議，訂明不論是否以撤回的語言明訂，各方均將受到約束：Re Goodchild (dec’d)， Goodchild v Goodchild [1997] 3 All ER 63（英國上訴法院）。另見 Joint grant；Joint will；Right of survivorship。 |
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