| 单词 | National security |
| 释义 | 國家安全 A ground for restricting the exercise of fundamental rights such as freedom of expression and the right to peaceful assembly, guaranteed under the Hong Kong Bill of Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. An exact definition of the ground has been elusive and it has been commented to be shifting in meaning according to time and circumstances: HKSAR v Leung Kwok Hung & Ors [2002] 4 HKC 564. When the ground is applied to justify restrictions on societies, it is defined to mean ‘the safeguarding of the territorial integrity and the independence of the People’s Republic of China: Societies Ordinance (Cap 151) s 2(4). It is also similarly defined in the Public Order Ordinance (Cap 245) s 2(2), when used as a ground to justify restrictions on public meetings and public processions. On the other hand, the Johnnesburg Principles on National Security, Freedom of Expression and Access to Information (1 October 1995) considers in Principle 2 that the protection of a government from embarrassment or exposure of wrongdoing, the concealment of information about the functioning of its public institutions, the entrenchment of a particular ideology, and the suppression of industrial unrest are not interests related to national security that can legitimately be alleged to justify restrictions on the exercise of fundamental rights on the ground of national security. See also Mutiny; Secession; Security; Sedition; Treason. 限制行使基本權利，如根據香港人權法案及《公民權利和政治權利國際公約》所保證的發表自由及和平集會的權利的理由。此理由的精確涵義較為難以理解，會根據不同的時間與情況作出不同的解釋：HKSAR v Leung Kwok Hung & Ors [2002] 4 HKC 564。當此理由適用於列出理由證明對社團的限制，此用語即用作指保衛中華人民共和國的領土完整及獨立自主：《社團條例》（第151章）第2(4)條。當此理由適用於列出理由證明對公眾集會及公眾遊行的限制，此用語在《公安條例》(第245章)第2(2)條亦有相似的涵義。另一方面，《有關國家安全、發表自由及獲取資料的約翰內斯堡原則》(1995年10月1日)在第2項原則中考慮保障政府免受錯誤行為的妨礙或風險承擔，隱藏公共機構的運作資料、鞏固某特定的觀念，及壓制工業動亂均不是與國家安全有關而可合法地被指稱因國家安全的理由而就行使基本權利以列出理由證明作出限制的權益。另見 Mutiny; Secession; Security; Sedition; Treason。 |
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