| 单词 | Commercial transaction |
| 释义 | 商業交易 1. The negotiation and conduct of business dealings directed at bringing about a mutual conclusion between the parties. The term may have a more expansive meaning than ‘contract’ as such negotiations and dealings may or may not be either wholly or partly concluded. Certainty is of primary importance in all commercial transactions: The Lasconia [1977] AC 850; World Ford Development Ltd v Ip Ming Wai [1993] 1 HKC 98. 2. In the securities industry, the acts, conduct or negotiations directly or indirectly related to the dealings or acquisition and disposition of securities: Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap 571) sch 1. 3. Internationally, a domestic enterprise may engage in commercial transactions directed at, inter alia, seeking overseas outlets for its own goods and services or by establishing foreign production facilities and service outlets or by the establishment of distribution agreements and joint-venture enterprises with foreign-based agents or partners. 4. International transactions conducted between foreign states raise consideration of sovereign immunity by which one foreign party to a commercial transaction is immune or protected from the jurisdiction of the courts of the other foreign party. This principle may be waived as agreed to between the parties or by statute (eg the United States Foreign Immunities Act (FISA) 1976 s 1603, and the Australian Foreign States Immunity Act 1985 s II). In Hong Kong, where the parties may agree to be bound by the provisions of the Arbitration Ordinance (Cap 341) pts IIA and III and its application to the UNCITRAL Model Law. See also Arbitration; Contract; Foreign judgment; Sovereign immunity; Transaction. 1. 旨在達成各方共同合意的談判和商業交易行為。由於談判和交易可能被也可能不被完全或部分達成，因此該詞語可以比‘合約’具有更廣泛的含義。確定性在所有商業交易中至關重要：The Lasconia [1977] AC 850; World Ford Development Ltd v Ip Ming Wai [1993] 1 HKC 98。 2. 在證券業，指直接或間接與證券交易或證券獲取和處置有關的行為、做法或談判：《證券及期貨條例》（第571章）附表。 3. 在國際上，國內企業可以從事商業交易，通過建立國外生產設施和服務渠道，或通過與基於國外的代理商或合作方訂立分銷協議或設立合資企業而達到為本企業的貨物和服務尋求海外市場的目的或其他目的。 4. 在不同國家之間進行的國際交易中需考慮商業交易中的主權豁免，即交易中的一國應不受或豁免於另一國法院的管轄。這一原則可以由雙方同意而放棄或因法規的規定而免除（如《1976年美國對外豁免法案》第1603條及《1985年澳大利亞對外豁免法案》第II條）。在香港，各方可以約定受《仲裁條例》（第341章）第IIA和III部分及其對聯合國國際貿易法委員會《國際商事仲裁示範法》的適用的條文約束。另見 Arbitration; Contract; Foreign judgment; Sovereign immunity; Transaction。 |
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