| 单词 | Consideration |
| 释义 | 代價 The price, detriment, or forbearance given as a value for a promise: Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v Selfridge & Co Ltd [1915] AC 847. Consideration is one of the essential elements (the others being offer, acceptance and intention to create a legal relation) which form a valid contract. A contract is not binding unless it is under seal or the promise itself is supported by consideration. Expressed in terms of benefit and detriment, a valuable consideration may consist either in some right, interest, or profit accruing to one party, or some forbearance, detriment, loss or responsibility given, suffered or undertaken by other: Currie v Misa (1875) LR 10 Ex 153. The law does not concern the economic adequacy of consideration. Consideration is not confined to valuable consideration in the strict contractual sense. However, it must be legally sufficient. Consideration may be present or future, executed (in exchange for an act) or executory (in exchange for a promise): Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong, Vol 7, Contract [115.110]. However, past consideration is not a valid consideration. Under the bargain theory of consideration, an act or forbearance of one party or the promise to act or forbear, is the price for the promise is bought. See also Acceptance; Adequacy of consideration; Agreement; Contract; Detriment; Executed consideration; Failure of consideration; Nominal consideration; Offer; Past consideration; Promissory estoppel; Restitution; Sufficiency of consideration. 作為承諾的價值而付出的價格、損害或容忍：Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v Selfridge & Co Ltd [1915] AC 847。代價是組成有效合約的其中一種必要的元素（其他元素為要約、承約及訂立法律關係的意圖）。除非合約是經蓋章或該承諾本身有代價支持，否則該合約並無法律約束力。有值代價以「利益」及「損害」表示，可包括：其中一方應得的權利、利益或利潤，或另一人給予、容受或承擔的容忍、損害、虧損或責任：Currie v Misa (1875) LR 10 Ex 153。法律並不關涉代價在經濟上足夠與否。就嚴格的合約釋義而言，代價並不局限於有值代價，但代價必須在法律上是足夠。代價可屬現時的或將來的，亦可屬已生效的（某作為的報酬）或在未來有效的（某承諾的報酬）：Halsbury’s Laws of Hong Kong，第7冊，合約，第[115.110]段。但己過去的代價並非有效的代價。根據代價作出某行為或不作為理論，一方的作為、不作為、承諾獲得該方買入該承諾的代價。另見 Acceptance; Adequacy of consideration; Agreement; Contract; Detriment; Executed consideration; Failure of consideration; Nominal consideration; Offer; Past consideration; Promissory estoppel; Restitution; Sufficiency of consideration。n. |
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