| 单词 | Rescuer |
| 释义 | 拯救者 A person who voluntarily intervenes in a situation in an attempt to prevent injury or damage to the life or property of another. There in no general duty to rescue another: East Suffolk Rivers Catchment Board v Kent [1941] AC 74. The right of the rescuer is an independent right and is not derived from that of the victim: Videan v British Transport Commission [1963] 2 QB 650. A rescuer may also have a claim against another who unsuccessfully attempts rescue if that has led to an increased danger: Lai Tai Tai v Lam Pak Lo [2000] 1 HKLRD 499. Where one rescuer creates a new situation of danger for another rescuer, the liability between the person who created the original peril and the negligent rescuer will be apportioned according the degree of their respective faults: Lai Tai Tai v Lam Pak Lo, supra. The rescuer can only recover if the danger to the victim is reasonably foreseeable: Cutler v United Dairies (London) Ltd [1933] 2 KB 297 (CA). In order to recover compensation for pure psychiatric harm as rescuer it is not necessary to establish that the psychiatric condition was caused by the perception of personal danger, but the rescuer must satisfy the threshold requirement that he objectively and, in the circumstances, reasonably exposed himself to the danger: Frost v Chief Constable of the South Yorkshire Police [1997] 1 All ER 540 (CA). See also Reasonably foreseeable; Rescue cases; Voluntary assumption of risk. 在一情況自願介入並試圖阻止他人的生命或財物免受傷害或破壞。沒有拯救他人的一般責任：East Suffolk Rivers Catchment Board v Kent [1941] AC 74。拯救者的權利是獨立的權利而非由受害者派生的權利：Videan v British Transport Commission [1963] 2 QB 650。如未能試圖拯救引致危險增加，拯救者也可針對未能試圖拯救的他人申索：Lai Tai Tai v Lam Pak Lo [2000] 1 HKLRD 499。如一拯救者對另一拯救者產生新的危險情況，產生原本險境的人和疏忽的拯救者之間的法律責任會按照他們個別錯失的程度分攤：Lai Tai Tai v Lam Pak Lo, 見上文。如可合理地預見對受害者的危險，拯救者才可追討：Cutler v United Dairies (London) Ltd [1933] 2 KB 297 （英國上訴法院）。為追討作為拯救者而蒙受的純粹精神傷害的賠償，不須證明有關的精神狀況是由對個人危害的理解引起，但拯救者必須符合臨界的要求，即他在有關情況客觀地及合理地把自己處於危險之中：Frost v Chief Constable of the South Yorkshire Police [1997] 1 All ER 540（英國上訴法院）。另見 Reasonably foreseeable; Rescue cases; Voluntary assumption of risk。n. |
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