| 单词 | Good faith |
| 释义 | 真誠 Propriety or honesty. Banking and finance - In payment and collection of bills of exchange and cheques, a thing is deemed to be done in good faith when it is in fact done honestly, whether it be done negligently or not: Bills of Exchange (Cap 19) s 96. See also Banker’s standard of care. Bankruptcy - Honesty or a belief that acts are carried out properly. 1. A disposition of property or a payment made by a bankrupt, after the presentation of the bankruptcy petition but before the making of a bankruptcy order, to a person who received the property or payment in good faith, for value and without notice of the bankruptcy petition is not void: Bankruptcy Ordinance (Cap 6) s 42(4). 2. Property acquired from a bankrupt by a person who received the property in good faith, for value and without notice of the bankruptcy or a transaction entered into with a bankrupt by a banker in good faith and without such notice, after the commencement of bankruptcy, is not void: Bankruptcy Ordinance (Cap 6) s 43A(4). 3. An interest or a benefit acquired by a person from a bankrupt, in a transaction at an undervalue as provided for in the Bankruptcy Ordinance (Cap 6) s 49, or at an unfair preference as provided for in s 50, is valid provided that the person acquired the interest or benefit in good faith and for value: Bankruptcy Ordinance (Cap 6) s 51A(2)(a). See also Unfair preference. Defamation - An element of defence for qualified privilege: Defamation Ordinance (Cap 21) s 12; Li Tsze Sun v Ming Pao Newspaper LTE [1996] 2 HKC 515 (HC). No action may lie in malicious falsehood if the words were published in good faith: Shapiro v La Morta [1923] All ER Rep 378, (1923) 40 TLR 201 (CA). In judging the defendant’s good faith, the question is not whether his belief was founded on such grounds as would persuade a person of sound sense and business knowledge, but whether in all the circumstances he acted in good faith considering his character and situation, prejudices and passions, for it is important that a person interested in the property has liberty to put forward his objections to the title: Pitt v Donovan (1813) 1 M & S 639. The presence of other motives was not a reason for excluding the defence of fair comment. See also Malice; Qualified privilege. Sale of goods - Generally a person who acts in good faith is protected from the consequences of dealing with another person who is acting without good faith. For example, a buyer may acquire good title to goods even if the seller has defective title or no title at all, as long as the buyer contracts in good faith and without notice of the seller’s defective title: Sale of Goods Ordinance (Cap 26) s 27; Hong Kong Advanced Knitwear Co (A Firm) v Chak Man (t/a Hong Kong Handicraft Co) [1965] HKLR 355. A thing is deemed to be done ‘in good faith’ when it is in fact done honestly, whether it is done negligently or not: s 2(2). 指適當的行為或誠實。 銀行及金融事務 - 就支付及收取匯票及支票而言，任何事如事實上是真誠地作出，則不論是否有疏忽之處，均當作是真誠地作出：《匯票條例》（第19章）第96條。另見 Banker’s standard of care。 破產法 - 誠實或相信已適當地履行有關作為。1.在提出破產呈請後但在發出破產令前，如收取財產或付款的人是在真誠下付出價值，以及不知悉已有破產呈請提出，則由破產人向該人所作的財產處置或付款並非無效：《破產條例》（第6章）第42(4)條。2.自破產案開始以後，任何人以有值代價且在不知悉破產的情況下真誠地從破產人取得的財產、或任何銀行真誠地且在不知悉破產的情況下與破產人進行的交易並非無效：《破產條例》（第6章）第43A(4)條。3.任何人士如真誠地以有值代價從破產人取得權益或利益，則即使是在低於一般價值而訂立之交易中（《破產條例》（第6章）第49條），或是在構成不公平優惠的交易（第50條）中取得的，該等權益或利益仍屬有效：《破產條例》（第6章）第51A(2)(a)條。另見 Unfair preference。 誹謗 - 以限定的特權作為抗辯的元素：《誹謗條例》 （第21章）第12條；Li Tsze Sun v Ming Pao Newspaper LTE [1996] 2 HKC 515（高等法院）。如有關文字是在真誠的情況下發表，則不可提出針對惡意虛假的訴訟：Shapiro v La Morta [1923] All ER Rep 378, (1923) 40 TLR 201（芵國上訴法院）。在判斷被告人是否真誠時，問題不在於其所信之事是否基於該等可說服具良好判斷力及商業知識的人的理由，而是在所有的情況下，在顧及其品格及情況、成見及感情後，他是否真誠地行事，因這對在財產中有利害關係的人而言，有自由就所有權提出反駁是很重要的：Pitt v Donovan (1813) 1 M & S 639。出現其他動機並非免除公允評論免責辯護的理由。另見 Malice; Qualified privilege。 貨品售賣 - 概括而言，如秉誠行事的人與非秉誠行事的另一人進行交易，則秉誠行事的人在有關交易的後果可受保障。例如如買方是出於真誠且是在不知悉賣方的所有權有不妥善之處的情況下購買的，即使賣方的所有權有不妥善之處或根本沒有任何所有權，買方仍可取得該等貨品的妥善所有權：《貨品售賣條例》 （第26章）第27條；Hong Kong Advanced Knitwear Co (A Firm) v Chak Man (t/a Hong Kong Handicraft Co) [1965] HKLR 355。凡事實上誠實作出的事情，不論作出時是否有疏忽，均當作是「出於真誠」作出的：第2(2)條。 |
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